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GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHY. The study of people, their resources and their environments. Geography and the Environment. This deals with the relationship among people, places, and environments. Environment means the surroundings created by humans.

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GEOGRAPHY

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  1. GEOGRAPHY The study of people, their resources and their environments.

  2. Geography and the Environment • This deals with the relationship among people, places, and environments. • Environment means the surroundings created by humans. • This looks at how people have had to adapt to their surroundings.

  3. River Valley Civilizations • Early civilizations grew up developed around rivers. • These rivers provided water for crops and for drinking; as well as transportation and eventually trade.

  4. Examples • China – Yellow River • Egypt – Nile River • Indian Subcontinent – Indus River • Mesopotamia – Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

  5. Mesopotamia/Middle East • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • The “Fertile Crescent” • Area that stretches from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea • Cradle of Civilizations • Crossroads for people

  6. Indian Subcontinent • Indus River • Relied on monsoons (seasonal winds that bring rain every summer) • Good – waters crops • Bad – too much rain, river floods wiping out crops; no rain meant no crops

  7. China • Yellow River • Aka “River of Sorrows” • Aka Huang He River Yellow due to the loess (fine windblown soil).

  8. More China • China is geographically isolated due to the Gobi dessert to the north, the Himalayas to the west, and seas to the east and south. • Develop a sense of ethnocentrism (they are better than other civilizations) as a result of this • They called themselves the Middle Kingdom

  9. Egypt • Nile River • Most of Egypt is desert so people settled around the Nile River • Yearly floods soaked the land and left rich deposits of silt that left the land fertile • Egypt is the “Gift of the Nile”

  10. One More River • Ganges River (India) • Sacred to the Hindus • Most polluted river in the world • People bathe, drink, throw dead bodies in it, perform sacred rituals, etc

  11. Picture – Ganges River

  12. Mountains • Himalayas – Asia • Andes – South America

  13. Himalayas • Separate China from India • Highest mountain range on earth • Mt. Everest

  14. Andes Mountains • Andes – line the western coastline of South America • Civilizations use terrace farming to adapt to their surroundings • Incas • Terrace farming occurs when people farm strips of land on the sides of a mountain • Sort of looks like steps

  15. Terrace Farming

  16. Japan • Archipelago – a chain of islands • There are 4 main islands • “Ring of Fire” – area prone to earthquakes, tidal waves, tsunamis and volcanoes • Land is very mountainous • The rugged terrain sometimes acts as a barrier to political unity • Japanese people develop a deep respect for nature - Shintoism

  17. Map of Japan

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