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JUDAISM

JUDAISM. Judaism overview. Founder(s): Traditionally, it is held that Abraham and his descendants established Judaism before Moses. Abraham had his covenants with God, they were the chosen people destined for the promised land , to be loved and protected by God.

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JUDAISM

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  1. JUDAISM

  2. Judaism overview • Founder(s):Traditionally, it is held that Abraham and his descendants established Judaism before Moses. Abraham had his covenants with God, they were the chosen people destined for the promised land, to be loved and protected by God. However the 10 Commandments are now considered by many to be the foundation upon which Judaism rests. These were received by Moses, who emancipated the Jews from slavery in Egypt and later established a ‘covenant’ between his people and Yahweh on Mount Sinai • Roots: dating back approximately 4000 years (2000 BCE) = origins of Judaism, Islam and Christianity • Place: Palestine (sometimes called Canaan); now Israel • Sacred Books: Old Testament (which consists of the Five Books of Law, the historical books, the Prophets and other writings). The most sacred are the Five Books of the Law= called the TORAH • Symbols: Menorah and Star of David • Adherents: Smallest major world religion, making up 0.2 % human race, according to Rabbi Potemkin, 1000 in Kingston

  3. Ancient Israel Birthplace of Judaism is also birthplace to Islam and Christianity

  4. Bible History Time-Line

  5. What is in a name? • Hebrew means “From across”- name given to Abraham and his followers • Israelites: Abraham’s grandson Jacob renamed Israel which means “he who has wrestled with God”. His descendants were called “Israelites” • Jews: named after Jacob’s son Judah, ancient father of tribe of King David’s dynasty

  6. Tracing Roots of Israel’s History • Nomadic tribes wandered into Palestine from east in approximately 1900 BCE • Mesopotamian society dominated by polytheism • God (Yahweh) appeared before Patriarch Abraham and told Abraham “to go and raise a great nation” • This began the monotheistic tradition of the Hebrew faith with the establishment of the “Covenant”, “Chosen People” and “Promised Land”

  7. Abraham settled in Canaan • The story of the Sacrifice of Abraham

  8. Moses & Exodus: Let My People Go! • Moses received revelations from God: burning bush, rod / staff, 10 plagues, parting of the Red Sea • End of 13th century BCE- Moses led the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt during Rames II reign called the EXODUS • Moses led the 12 Tribes of Israel to Mount Sinai where Yahweh gave him the 10 Commandments, uniting the Hebrews under one God • Moses and Hebrews searched for the “Promised Land” or the land of milk and honey, however they wandered in the desert for 40 years

  9. Exodus 20: 3-17

  10. Key Concepts Covenant • solemn and binding agreement between God and Abraham (humanity) as God as the Creator and the Chosen people Chosen People • Jews considered themselves to be God’s Chosen People as God chose Abraham and led him to monotheism • Jews were instruments of God’s will • God chose Jews (humanity); humanity must choose God Promised Land • Gained significance during Moses’ life as Hebrews sought to keep covenant and develop a community in the Promised Land. Jews believe this is Israel.

  11. Development of Judaism • Judges: tribal leaders • Kings: King Saul, King David, King Solomon (built temple) • Division: Northern tribes = Israel; Southern tribes = Judah • Prophetic Tradition: word of God spoken through prophets “Love God and keep the covenant with Him” • Exile in Babylon= Temple of Solomon destroyed; creation of synagogues and rabbis and concept of Messiah “anointed one” • Diaspora: dispersal of Jews outside of Israel and Hellenization • Maccabean Revolt: temple rededicated to God • Expansion of Roman Empire and rule: destroying of the temple leaving only the Western Wall; rabbinic Judaism (interpretative commentaries)

  12. Key Beliefs Monotheistic • Oneness of Creator God • Human obligation to worship God • God is immaterial and indivisible • God is refered to as YHWH or YAHWEH “I am that I am” Lineage • People are born a Jew (through mother) or can convert (gerut) Mitzvah • act of performing a good deed or commandment (ie. 10 Commandments) • Bible contains total of 613 mitvoth (some positive, some negative)

  13. Beliefs continued Jesus • View of Jesus = born a Jew a preacher and teacher • Jesus was not the Son of God; the Messiah is still to come Suffering • suffering is heightened because as the Chosen People, Jews expect to suffer for all of mankind Death and Afterlife • on death, body returns to earth (dust to dust) but soul return to God who gave it • body will be Resurrected and reunited with soul at a later time (therefore no cremation)

  14. TORAH • Consists of Five Books of Moses written on parchment scroll in ancient form by hand and kept in Ark • Torah means “law” but more accurate is “revelation”, “teaching” or “instruction” • Torah is divided into 54 sections and one portion is read each week (2 weeks of year have a double portion) so that the entire Torah is read from beginning to end in a year

  15. Sacred Texts Tanukh • Jewish Bible, consisting of Torah (Law of Moses), the Prophets, and the Writings Talmud • Second most important source of rabbinic Jewish law based on Mishnah, which complements and interprets the Torah and applies scripture to everyday life and observance Mishnah • Early rabbinic teachings on how to live according to Torah

  16. Practices • Holy Ark & Torah • Blessings and prayer • Minyan • Kashruth • Shabbat • Circumcision • Shofar • Bar / Bat Mitvah • Marriage • Death & Shiva

  17. Holidays • Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur • Hanukkah • Passover • Sukkot Time to read…

  18. Symbols • Star of David= shape of King David’s shield; symbol adopted by Zionists • Menorah= ancient source of light • 7 branched= Sabbath • 9 branched= Hanukah

  19. Denominations • Orthodox • Reform • Conservative • Reconstructionist And a few other smaller groups like humanistic

  20. Western WallOld City in Jerusalem • Section Temple Mount which has remained intact since the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple (70 CE) • It became a center of mourning over the destruction of the Temple and Israel's exile • it became known in European languages as the "Wailing Wall".

  21. Judaism In ModernWorld Anti Semitism • in Kingston and the World – Zionism • movement originally for re-establishment of Jewish nation in Israel Holocaust • (Heb., sho'ah) which originally meant “a sacrifice totally burned by fire” • the annihilation of the Jews (6 million) and other groups of people of Europe (5 million) under the Nazi regime during World War II Middle East Conflict • Issue of who has the rightful claim to Jerusalem Can you think of examples?

  22. Try finding an OBJECTIVE history of the Middle East Conflict … • Jewish Voice for Peace • Who is presented as the aggressor here? • The Unofficial History • Who is presented as the aggressor here? • Origin of the Isreal Palestinian Conflict • Who is presented as the aggressor here? What are commonalities between the 3 clips?

  23. Let’s go back to last week’s question… Is it possible for different religions to cooperatively share a special place? Have your thoughts changed? How do we create peace? Can we ever?

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