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Ancient Mesopotamia. Chapter 3 Section 1 The Fertile Crescent. Standards. H-SS 6.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush.
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Standards • H-SS 6.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush. • E-LA Reading 6.2.3 Clarify and connect main ideas by identifying their relationship to other sources and related topics.
Anticipatory Set • Can you locate the Tigris and Euphrates River?
Objective • You will learn about farming improvements and how better farming methods led to the rise of cities and the world’s first civilization in a land known as Mesopotamia.
Language of the Discipline • Irrigation- a system of watering crops. • Population- number of people. • City-state- made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages that it controls. • Barter- a trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.
The Land Between the Rivers • Ancient Mesopotamia is surrounded by bodies of water
The Land Between the Rivers • Ancient Mesopotamia is surrounded by bodies of water • Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf • Euphrates River and Tigris River
The Land Between the Rivers • Ancient Mesopotamia is surrounded by bodies of water • Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf • Euphrates River and Tigris River • The land became known as ‘The Fertile Crescent’ • Provided Sumerians with rich, fertile soil for farming
Weather Issues • Sumerians had long dry summers
Weather Issues • Sumerians had long dry summers • There was no rain for months and the ground became hard and rocky. • Due to the bodies of water surrounding the land = frequent floods • Sometimes villages were swept away = danger.
Agricultural Techniques • Sumerians developed an irrigationsystemto assist with watering crops. • Adaptation to the hot summers and flooding
Agricultural Techniques • Sumerians developed an irrigation system • Adaptation to the hot summers and flooding • From this Sumerians enjoyed a plentiful flood supply
Agricultural Techniques • Sumerians developed an irrigation system • Adaptation to the hot summers and flooding • From this Sumerians enjoyed a plentiful flood supply • Population increased • City- States formed across the region which were made up the surrounding land and villages.
Check for Understanding • Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. • Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. • On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.
Checking for Understanding • Name one of the challenges of farming in Mesopotamia? • Answers can be: • Flood waters washed away the fertile soil and made farming difficult. • Many times, floodwaters destroyed whole villages. • Most of the region beyond the rivers was a desert where nothing could grow.
Checking for Understanding • What rivers did farmers live? • Answer • Farmers lived on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Checking for Understanding • _______________ is a system of watering crops. • Irrigation
Guided Practice/Independent Practice • Guided Practice • Complete questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. • If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. • Independent Practice • Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3and 4on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Homework • Note-taking guide on the reverse side.
Standards • H-SS6.2.3 Understand the relationship between religion and the social and political order in Mesopotamia and Egypt. • E-LA Reading 6.2.3 Connect and clarify main ideas by identifying their relationships to other sources and related topics.
Objective • You will learn how religion and government supported the social order of Sumer. You will also learn about some of the achievements of the Sumerian civilization.
Anticipatory Set • Think back to when you first learned how to write? • Was it hard? • Could people easily read what you wrote? • Scribes became an important part of Mesopotamia when they began to document everything.
Language of the Discipline • Polytheism- they worshiped many gods. • Scribe- a person who was trained to write and keep records in ancient times. • Kingship- a government headed by a king. • Law code- a written set of laws. • Technology- the application of human intelligence in problems to create new and better ways of doing things.
Social Order • As city-states grew so did the social order • Social order was supported by religious and political leaders
Social Order • As city-states grew so did the social order • Social order was supported by religious and political leaders • Priests were the lifeblood of Sumerian civilization
Social Order • As city-states grew so did the social order. • Social order was supported by religious and political leaders. • Priests were the lifeblood of Sumerian civilization. • Communicated with the gods, ran the temples, and developed an early system of writing to track goods. • They believed that the gods ate, drank, slept, and married.
Social Order • As city-states grew so did the social order. • Social order was supported by religious and political leaders. • Priests were the lifeblood of Sumerian civilization. • Communicated with the gods, ran the temples, and developed an early system of writing to track goods. Scribes were trained to write and keep record. • Eventually military leaders were allowed to govern city-states.
Kingship • The idea of kingship developed
Kingship • The idea of kingship developed • Advances in technology and learning grew • Early writing system developed
Kingship • The idea of kingship developed • Advances in technology and learning grew • Early writing system developed • From pictures of ideas to shapes representing a sound • An alphabet was created • Sumerians wrote the first mathematics books and created a number system based on 60, which is still used to tell time and help with measuring circles today.
Check for Understanding • Please determine the BEST answer for the following question. • Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal. • On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.
Checking for Understanding • Sumerians believed that their gods got married, ate and drank, and ____________? • Answer • Ate
Checking for Understanding • Cities grew because of trade, increased population, new technology, and_________ • Answer • Farming methods that brought about a food surplus.
Checking forUnderstanding • A _________________was a person who was trained to write and keep records in ancient times. • Answer • Scribe
Guided Practice/Independent Practice • Guided Practice • Complete questions 1 - 2 on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Raise your hand and wait to get stamped. • If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham. • Independent Practice • Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3and 4on the reading comprehension worksheet. • Homework • Note-taking guide on the reverse side.
Standards • H-SS: 6.2.4 Know the significance of Hammurabi’s Code. • E-LA Reading 6.2.3 Connect and clarify main ideas by identifying their relationships to other sources and related topics.
Anticipatory Set • Could you imagine a world without laws? • What would happen if no one had to follow any rules? • Well, Hammurabi created the first law code in Mesopotamia. His ideas would change our world forever.
Objective • You will learn how strong rulers finally conquered the city-states to create the world’s first empires. You will also read how a ruler named Hammurabi tried to unite Mesopotamia under one law code, or set of laws.
Language of the Discipline • 1. Conquest- when one people defeats and controls another. • 2. Empire- a group of countries or peoples who are ruled by one government. • 3. Chariots- wheeled war vehicles. • 4. Barbarians- people without civilization.
Conflict • Conflict increased as city-states grew
