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Muscular & Skeletal Systems

Muscular & Skeletal Systems. Chapter 33.1-33.2 Notes. Functions of the Skeleton. Provides support and shape Stores minerals (e.g., Calcium) Serves as attachment points for muscles to support movement Protects vital organs Produces blood cells in the bone marrow. Skeletal Systems.

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Muscular & Skeletal Systems

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  1. Muscular & Skeletal Systems Chapter 33.1-33.2 Notes

  2. Functions of the Skeleton • Provides support and shape • Stores minerals (e.g., Calcium) • Serves as attachment points for muscles to support movement • Protects vital organs • Produces blood cells in the bone marrow

  3. Skeletal Systems • Exoskeleton (External - surrounds organism) • In arthropods and mollusks • Made of chitin or calcium carbonate(sheds when organism grows) • Endoskeleton (Internal- axial or appendicular) • Grows within organism • Made of cartilage or bone • Bones held together by ligaments • Cells are called osteocytes

  4. Bone and Bone Tissue • Bone tissue includes bone cells (osteocytes) and non-living mineral deposits. • Bone parts: • 1. Marrow • 2. Compact bone • 3. Periosteum • 4. Spongy bone • Ligaments connect bones to other bones

  5. Types of Joints • Non- moveable Joint (skull) • Hinge Joint (in elbow and knee) • Gliding Joint (in vertebrae) • Ball-in-socket Joint (in shoulder and hip ) • Saddle Joint (in hands)

  6. Muscular System • Muscles contract and relax to move the body. • Stores energy • Protects internal organs • Animals with muscular system • Nematodes, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Chordates

  7. Muscle Contraction • Muscles are made of myofibrils that contain Actin and Myosin • Muscles contract when actin slides over myosin using “cross-bridge” • This process requires energy (ATP) • Motor neurons release acetylcholine into synapse of muscle causing contraction.

  8. Actin-Myosin Interaction

  9. Actin-Myosin Interaction

  10. Three Types of Muscle • Smooth Muscle: Found in blood vessels and digestive tract (involuntary) • Skeletal Muscle: Found attached to the skeleton (voluntary) • Cardiac Muscle: Found making up the heart (Involuntary)

  11. Muscle Attachment to Bone • Muscles are attached to bone by connective tissue called tendons. • TCMB • LCBB • Muscles are attached in opposing pairs. • One Muscle contracts to raise the limb, while the second will contract to lower it. • Example: Bicep / Triceps

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