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This introduction dives into the concept of the human problem, exploring modern secular theories such as those of Marx, Freud, and Plato, as well as religious theories like Stoic, Christian, Confucianist, and Theravada Buddhist beliefs. The lecture further examines the Four Noble Truths and various paths to salvation or liberation found in different religious traditions. Discover the relevance of religion in modern Western society.
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Introduction to Religion REL 2000 November 13, 2009Valerie J. Johnsen Introduction to Religion
The Human Problem • What is the Human Problem?
Modern Secular Theories • Marx • Freud • Plato
Religious Theories • Stoic • Christian • Confucianist • Theravada Buddhist (next slide)
Theraveda Buddhist • Based on Karma • There are no souls (an-atman) merely karmic streams. We are dependent originations - a compounded process of the five aggregates: • Form (Rupa) • Consciousness (Vijnana) • Sensory Feelings (Vedana) • Will or Volition (Samskara) • Conceptualization (Samjna)
Four Noble Truths • Life is Suffering • The cause of suffering is grasping (clinging, craving, attachment) • There is a way to end suffering • That way is the Noble Eight-fold Path
Paths to Salvation/Liberation • Faith • Devotion • Disciplined Action • Meditation and Insight
NEXT WEEK • How you might study for the final (first thing) • Modernity and Secularity • The Great Debate: • Is religion (the outer human system of beliefs, practices, and symbols etc) relevant in modern Western society?