BCM 410A - lecture 1

1. The body works at the molecular level • Molecules are organized into cells • Cells are organized into organs • Small molecules in the body • Biological macromolecules BCM 410A - lecture 1 • Drugs - ethanol • Dwarfism • Myocardial infarction • Aspirin

2. Instructors: Michael J. Holland BCM 410A - vital statistics

3. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews Welcome to BCM 410A

4. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Welcome to BCM 410A

5. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Welcome to BCM 410A

6. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A

7. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm

8. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A

9. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570

10. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu

11. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30

12. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy

13. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides”

14. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides” WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu

15. Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 email: hrmatthews@ucdavis.edu reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides” WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu http://medtstgo.ucdavis. edu/Resource.htm

16. The body works at the molecular level Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones Molecules can have dramatic effects—drugs Energy is stored (glycogen, fat), transported (triglycerides, glucose) used (ATP) at the molecular level.

17. smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Molecules are organized into cells

18. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Golgi complex: a structure where proteins are processed and sorted on their way to other organelles or to the exterior of the cell.

19. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Nucleus: a separate compartment containing the DNAand the processes of RNA and DNA synthesis

20. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Mitochondria: structures involved in the synthesis ofATP to provide energy for the cell

21. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Nuclear envelope: the membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm Cytoplasm: the solution between the plasma membrane and the other organelles

22. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Plasma membrane: the membrane that separates the interior of the cell from its exterior

23. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: cytoplasmic membrane structure

24. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Ribosomes: macromolecular complexes that synthesize proteins

25. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Pore complex: pores in the nuclear membrane that allow small molecules to pass but regulate the passsage of large molecules

26. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Nucleolus: a structure inside the nucleus where specific RNA molecules are synthesized

27. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum: regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) that are coated with ribosomes

28. Molecules are organized into cells smooth endoplasmicreticulum Golgi complex ribosomes nucleus pore complex nucleolus mitochondrion rough endoplasmicreticulum nuclear envelope vesicle plasma membrane Vesicle: a variety of additional structures in the cytoplasm used for storage or transport or specialized enzyme reactions, e.g. lysozomes, peroxisomes

29. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane

30. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria

31. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus

32. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus

33. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum

34. Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex

35. human lymphocyte מיטוכונדריה גופיףגולג’י ממברנהפלסמטית גרעין רטיקולום אנדופלסמטי

36. Cell of endocrine gland hormone molecules Target cells Capilliary network (a) Cells are organized into organs Note 3 organ systems in picture (a): i) endocrine gland ii) blood stream iii) target organ

37. Stimulus Target cells Capilliary network Cells are organized into organs Note 3 organ systems in picture (b): i) neurosecretory cells ii) blood stream iii) target organ Neurosecretorycells hormone molecules (b)

38. Myocardial infarction Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after a myocardial infarction days after infarction

39. Clinical correlate - dwarfism growth hormone A defect in the pituitary can lead to inadequate production of growth hormone. Children with this disease grow very slowly but injections of human growth hormone restore normal growth.

40. Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule acetyl salicylate acetyl group

41. Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule prostaglandin synthase inflammation

42. Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule prostaglandin synthase + enzyme - NH2 acetyl salicylate + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 acetylated prostaglandin synthase salicylate

43. Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule prostaglandin synthase inflammation + enzyme - NH2 + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 acetylated prostaglandin synthase

44. Aspirin - a clinically valuablesmall molecule prostaglandin synthase inflammation + enzyme - NH2 acetyl salicylate + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 acetylated prostaglandin synthase salicylate

45. Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: • methyl groups • hydroxyl groups • carbonyl groups • carboxyl groups • amino groups

46. Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups -CH3 CH3-CH2-OH ethanol

47. Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups -OH CH3-CH2-OH ethanol

48. -C=O H Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups aldehyde -C=O ketone

49. -C-OH O -C-O- O + NH3-CH2-COO- glycine Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: -COO- methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups

50. -NH+ 3 + NH3-CH2-COO- glycine Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups -NH 2