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Mount Erebus

Mount Erebus. Beth Fleming and Christine Francis. Ross Island, Antarctica World's southernmost active volcano!. Discovered: 1841 Latitude: 77°32'0"S Longitude: 167°10'0"E. http://eye-maps.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/erebus-map.gif. Form and Dimensions. Mt. Erebus.

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Mount Erebus

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  1. Mount Erebus Beth Fleming and Christine Francis

  2. Ross Island, Antarctica World's southernmost active volcano! • Discovered: 1841 • Latitude: 77°32'0"S • Longitude: 167°10'0"E http://eye-maps.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/erebus-map.gif

  3. Form and Dimensions Mt. Erebus • Stratovolcano atop a shield • Elevation 3,794 meters or 12,447 feet • Covered by a glacier • Summit temp: -30° F or -34.4° C http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1900-02=&volpage=photos&photo=061066

  4. Tectonic Setting:Mt. Erebus is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire AND sits atop a mantle plume or "hot spot" http://erebus.nmt.edu/index.php/volcanology/51-volcanological-evolution

  5. Caldera The modern cone is located within an older CALDERA, which forms a summit plateau dating to between 17,000 and 100,000 years old. modern cone summit plateau of caldera http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1900-02=&volpage=photos&photo=061081

  6. Craters: Main Crater Inner Crater Side Crater Western Crater Side Crater Western Crater Main Crater Inner Crater

  7. Erebus's Lava Lake One of only five consistently convecting lava lakes on Earth! http://assets4.bigthink.com/system/idea_thumbnails/39271/original/Erebus-Mainn-12.2005---Clive-Oppenheimer--MEO.jpg?1310483547 http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/files/2011/06/web_Mt_Erebus_lava_lake.jpg

  8. Eruptive Styles Both minor explosions and Strombolian eruptions, bomb ejections, effusive lava flows, and fumarolic activity Erebus Bomb January 1, 2006 Eruption Link http://www.exo.net/~pauld/antarctica/erebus.html

  9. Eruptive History Active for 1.3 million years! http://www.shackletoncentenary.org/erebussnip2.JPG

  10. Ice Towers and Caves Steam rising from fumaroles freezes to form ice towers and caves "Harry's Dream" http://www.polartrec.com/files/members/alex-eilers/images/mterebus_3_-_fumerole.jpg http://erebus.nmt.edu/index.php/icetowers

  11. Petrology and Tephra Sampling • Dominantly phonolitic • basanite • trachyte • Tephra Sampling • geochemistry and dating • Chainsaw method http://volcanofiles.com/2011/12/30/erebus-science-tephra-sampling/

  12. Petrology and Chemistry of Deposits • Lavas and bombs contain phenocrysts of anorthoclase feldspar http://www.andrill.org/iceberg/blogs/betty/images/erebus-crater.jpg • Spews microscopic crystals of pure gold, discovered by Dr. Raymond Chuan of the University of New Hampshire http://www.mindat.org/photo-119460.html

  13. Environmental Hazard Holes occurred in the ozone layer over Antarctica in 1987 and 1989. • Emits chlorine compounds, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfric acid, chromium oxide, and nitrogen compounds. • These contribute to acid rain and the warming of the atmosphere. http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies/Depletion_of_the_Ozone_Layer

  14. Geophysical Monitoring Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory, run by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology McMurdo Station, operated by the United States CURRENT RESEARCH: • Use seismometers to understand the "plumbing" of Erebus • Use Argon-argon (40Ar/39Ar) radiometric dating determine the geochronology of summit and flank lava flows • Monitor SO2 flux and CO2 emissions from the lava lake • Establish a GPS base network to monitor the deformation of the volcano

  15. NASA's Dante Eight-legged NASA robot descended 700 feet into the crater to sample the molten lava lake http://www.astrobio.net/albums/robot/acm.jpg Erebus's crater simulates the environment on the Moon and Mars http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/robots/robs/photos/1992_DanteI.jpg

  16. Historical Significance On November 28, 1979, an Air New Zealand flight crashed on Mt. Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/files/images/erebus-flags-bw.jpg http://images.theage.com.au/2009/10/15/792242/erebus-420x0.jpg

  17. Works Cited • http://scini1.mlml.calstate.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mount_erebus.jpg • http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1900-02= • http://www.agiweb.org/pubs/globalgis/metadata_qr/metadata/volc.html#t1 • http://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/26/science/volcano-at-south-pole-offers-golden-clues-about-the-atmosphere.html • http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/science/contentHandler.cfm?id=1232 • http://erebus.nmt.edu/index.php • http://volcanofiles.com/2011/12/30/erebus-science-tephra-sampling/ • http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/02/us/on-lonely-mission-robot-starts-descent-into-volcano.html?n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fT%2fTests%20and%20Testing • http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies/Depletion_of_the_Ozone_Layer

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