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Understanding the Axial Skeleton in Human Anatomy

Explore the bones of the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. Learn anatomical terms, identify bones, and understand terminology related to joint structures. Gain insights into the functions and movements of the axial skeleton.

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Understanding the Axial Skeleton in Human Anatomy

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  1. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton

  2. Anatomy-Skeletal System Introduction • Refer back to your skeletal diagram where you named the bones of the body that you know. • As we progress through today’s lesson and label the bones, if the bone is one that you labeled correctly on your diagram, place a check mark next to the bone.

  3. Anatomy-Skeletal System Objectives • Students will be able to: • Define anatomical terms. • Identify the bones of the axial skeleton. • Label the bones.

  4. Anatomy-Skeletal System Terminology • Axial Skeleton • Consist of bones that form the axis of the skeleton; the skull, spinal column, breast bone and ribs. • Support and protect the organs of the head, neck and thorax. • Lungs, liver, kidneys

  5. Anatomy-Skeletal System Terminology • Articulate • Articulation • To unite by forming a joint/joints • Facet • A small, smooth, flat surface on a bone

  6. Anatomy-Skeletal System Terminology • Foramen • A natural opening, especially through a bone • Process • A projection away from the main part of the bone

  7. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Skull & Vertebral Column • Neck & spine • Neatly stacked bones • Affected by posture

  8. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Three divisions • By type • Size • Function • Constantly shifting

  9. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Cervical (7) • C1-Atlas • C2-Axis • Allow for rotation

  10. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Cervical (7) • Cartilaginous joints • Vertebral discs • Foramen for the spinal cord

  11. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Cervical • Highly mobile to allow for flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction & lateral bending

  12. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Thoracic (12) • Articulate with the ribs • Also highly moveable • Rotation, flexion, extension • Abnormal curvatures

  13. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Thoracic • Abnormal Curvatures • Scoliosis • Lateral curvature • Kyphosis • Posterior curvature

  14. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Thoracic • Foramen for the spinal cord • Distinguished by long transverse processes

  15. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Lumbar (5) • Largest bones • Trunk flexion & extension • Anterior curve • Lordosis

  16. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton

  17. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebral Column • Sacrum (5) • Fused • Coccyx (4) • Fused • Tail bone

  18. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Vertebra Anatomy • Spinous process • Transverse process • Vertebral foramen • Vertebral body • Facet

  19. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Intervertebral Disk • Prone to injury due to compression

  20. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton Body Spinous Process

  21. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Cervical

  22. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Thoracic

  23. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Lumbar

  24. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton

  25. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Ribs • 12 pair • 7 true (1-7) • 5 false (8-12) • 2 floating (11-12)

  26. Anatomy-Skeletal System Axial Skeleton • Sternum • Manubrium • Body of the sternum • Xiphoid Process • Costal Cartilage

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