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Skeletal system anatomy

Skeletal system anatomy. The skeletal system. Functions : Protection for vital organs Serves as levers for movement Storage site for minerals Site for blood formation. Parts or layers of bone: Periosteum Compact bone Bone Marrow Cartilage. Periosteum.

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Skeletal system anatomy

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  1. Skeletal system anatomy

  2. The skeletal system Functions : • Protection for vital organs • Serves as levers for movement • Storage site for minerals • Site for blood formation

  3. Parts or layers of bone: • Periosteum • Compact bone • Bone Marrow • Cartilage

  4. Periosteum The fibrous sheath that covers bones. It contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone.

  5. Compact bone • honeycombed • passages for blood vessels and nerves • bony tissue • calcium • Phosphorus

  6. Bone Marrow • gelatinous • Yellow marrow  mostly fat • Red marrow • red blood cells • white blood cells • platelets

  7. Parts of the skeletal system • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton • Viesceral skeleton

  8. Axial skeleton • vertebral column (Columnavertebralis) • Ribs (Os Costae) • Sternum (Os Sternum) • Skull (Ossa Cranii)

  9. Columnavertebarlis • Protects spinal cord • Consist of : • Vertebrae cervicales • Vertebrae thoracales • Vertebrae lumbales • Vertebrae sacrales • Vertebrae cocygeae

  10. Vertebrae cervicales • Involved with head and neck movement • Most flexible part of the Axial Skeleton • Seven V. Cervicales in all species

  11. Vertebrae thoracales • Limited movement and flexibility • Located at the dorsal area of thoracic region

  12. Vertebrae lumbales • Framework for loin area • More flexibility than thoracic but less than cervical

  13. Vertebrae sacrales • Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae, and is conveniently described as a single, the sacrum

  14. Vertebrae cocygeae

  15. Ribs (Costae)

  16. sternum • A median segmental bone. It consists of six to eight bony segments (sternebrae) connected by intervening cartilage in the young animal

  17. Skull (Ossa cranii) • Divide into : • The cranial bones (Ossa cranii) inclose the brain with its membranes and vessels and the essential organs of hearing • The facial bones (Ossa facici) form the skeleton of the oral and nasal cavities and also support the pharynx, larynx and the root of the tongue

  18. Os cranii Consist of : • The occipital bone (Os occipitale/tulangkepalabelakang) • The sphenoid bone (Os sphenoidale/tulangbaji) • The Ethmoid bone (Os ethmoidale/tulangtaji) • The parietal bones (Ossa parietalia) • The frontal bones (Ossa frontalia/tulangdahi) • The temporal bone (Os temporale/tulangpelipis)

  19. Os facici Consist of : • The maxillae (tulangrahangatas) • The premaxillae (Ossa incisiva/tulangrahangatasmuka) • The nasal bones (Ossa nasalia/ tulanghidung) • The lacrimal bones (Ossa lacrimalia/tulang air mata) • The mandible (Mandibula/ rahangbawah)

  20. Appendicular skeleton • Locomotion • Eating • Connected to axial Skeleton by muscles &/or Bony Joints

  21. Appendicular skeleton Divide into : • The thoracic limb (Extremitasthoracalis) • The Pelvic limb (Extremitaspelvina)

  22. The thoracic Limb • The shoulder girdle (Cingulumextremitatisthoracalis) scapula (shoulder blade) • The arm (Brachium)  humerus (arm bone) • Forearm (Antibrachium)  radius and ulna • Manus (homologoue of the hand in man)  carpus, metacarpus, digits (homologus with fingers in human)

  23. Scapula 1, the acromion process; 2, scapular spine; 3, the glenoid cavity; and 4, the scapular cartilage

  24. humerus 1, lateral tuberosity; 2, deltoid tuberosity; 3, lateral condyloid crest; 4, coronoidfossa; 5, lateral condyle; 6, medial condyle; 7, musculo-spiral groove; 8, medial tuberosity; 9, intertuberal groove; 10, articular head; 11, medial epicondyle; and 12, lateral epicondyle.

  25. Radius and Ulna 1, distal end of humerus; 2, olecranonfossa; 3, olecranon process;, 4,radius; 5, ulna; and 6, carpal bones.

  26. Carpus (Ossa carpi) AC, accessory carpal; C, carpal; IC, intermediate carpal; MC, metacarpal; P, phalanges; RC, radial carpal; and UC, ulnar carpal

  27. The Pelvic limb Consist of : • The pelvic (Cingulumextremitaspelvinae) oscoxae/hip bone (Ilium, ischium, and pubis) • The thigh (femur) • The skeleton of the leg (Crus)  tibia, fibula and patella • The pes (homologue of the foot in human) tarsus, metatarsus and digits

  28. femur 1, trochanter major; 2, head of femur; 3, trochantericfossa; 4, neck of femur; 5, trochanter minor; 6, lateral supracondyloid crest; 7, supracondyloidfossa; 8, trochlea; 9, extensor fossa; 10, lateral epicondyle; 12, intercondyloidfossa; and 13, medial condyle.

  29. Tibia and fibula 1, medial condyle, 2, lateral condyle; 3, tibia, and 4, fibula.

  30. The viesceral skeleton • Consist of certain bones developed in the substance of some viscera or soft organs, such as : os penis of the dog, and oscordis of the ox

  31. Classification of bones (based on the shape) • Long bones (Ossa longa)  humerus, femur • Flat bones (Ossa plana)  scapula, oscoxae • Short bones (Ossa brevia)  carpus, tarsus • Irregular bones (Ossa irregularia)  vertebral column

  32. Horse skeleton

  33. Skeleton of the swine

  34. http://bovine.unl.edu/bovine3D/

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