Skeletal Anatomy

1. BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Skeletal Anatomy How many bones are there anyway? Gross Anatomy Could you name the parts in my pile?

2. What are the major categories of the skeleton? Skeleton can be split into 2 major categories: Includes skull, hyoid, thoracic Includes pectoral girdle and upper limbs & pelvic girdle and lower limbs

3. 3 ossicles x 2 = 6 What components make up the “head bone”? Divided into 2 main components: Includes bones in contact with brain… _________________The remainder of the ~22 bones of the skull

4. What(way)’s up with the skull anyway? Make sure that you could recognize which view of a skull a given image is… Think of form & function!

5. What are the terms pertaining to all the bumps, ridges, nooks and crannies of the skull? Terms related to bones: Kung fu move!

6. Take 5!!! Which bones are most likely to be broken with a “broken nose”? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

7. The average adult skeleton consists of ____ bones, however this number ____ with age. A) 206, increases B) 206, decreases C) 260, increases D) 260, decreases What is the primary purpose of a bone process or projection? A) add mass to the bone B) connect one bone to another C) points of attachment for ligaments or tendons D) create a stress point on a bone Of the following passages or openings in bones, which one is a tunnel like that of the inner ear? A) foramen B) meatus C) fissure D) sulcus Which bone(s) of the skull would be considered to be the most superior? A) occipital B) temporal C) maxillary D) parietal

8. ___________ 7 12 5 5 5 26 - 34 bones __________ __________ __________ + __________ How about the Axis of the Axial skeleton? Vertebral column divided into 5 regions:

9. Primary curvatures Secondary curvatures Why isn’t our spinal column straight? 4 vertebral curvatures develop over time Distinct functions:redistribute the center of gravity

10. Are there any abnormal curvatures that can exist? Malaligned: ______________ ______________ ______________ Lateral curvature Convex (anteriorly) curvature (lumbar) Concave (anteriorly) curvature (thoracic)

11. How can you tell one type of vertebrae from another? What function determines each form?

12. What are the “important” anatomic details of vertebral structure? Special “pieces parts”:

13. How many cervical vertebrae are there? A) 5 B) 7 C) 12 D) 15 The first cervical vertebrae is known as the A) atlas B) axis C) lamina D) pedicle The opening in the middle of a vertebra for the spinal cord is known as the A) intervertebral foramen B) vertebral meatus C) vertebral foramen D) spinous process Which vertebra is immediately inferior to C-7? A) C-8. B) C-6 C) T-1 D) L-1 How many pairs of vertebrosternal ribs are there? A) 12 B) 7 C) 5 D) 3

14. What are the structures involved in forming the thoracic cage? 2 main parts: Sternum… ____________ __________ ____________ Ribs… _____ _____ ________ 7 x 2 = 14 5 x 2 = 10

15. What are the components of the pectoral girdle? Pectoral girdle… • Comprised of 2 pairs of bones, loosely attached:

16. Take 5!!! A broken clavicle changes the position of the upper limb in what way? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

17. ___________ _____________ ______________ What is the significance of each of the “parts”? Scapula What views? What side? What function?

18. What is the significance of each of the “parts”? _____________(shoulder to elbow) 1 bone… ____________ Which views? Which side? What functions?

19. Take 5!!! Explain the function of the olecranon and coronoid fossae on the distal humerus? Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.

20. How do the bones of the forearm articulate with the humerus? Forearm (Antebrachial)(______________) 2 bones:

21. Why so many carpal bones and where is that tunnel? Wrist (Carpal)8 bones: L S T P C T T H

22. Why are the “fingers” of a skeleton so long? Hand (Manual)19 bones: An elementary teacher once told my son that, “The thumb is the longest finger” is this true or false? Why?

23. How can the pelvis consist of six different bones? Pelvic Girdle 3 fused bones per

24. Which is which? Why do women have wider hips than men? Male & Female pelvic differences

25. Why do women have wider hips than men?

26. Right or Left? Anterior or Posterior? Why are the processes/tuberosities larger on the femur than on the humerus? Thigh (Femoral) 1 bone: ______

27. What two bones in the antebrachial region are similar? Leg (Crural) 2 bones:

28. If the limbs are similar thus far how about the foot? Ankle (Tarsal) 7 bones:

29. If the limbs are similar thus far how about the foot? Foot (Pedal) 19 bones: