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Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till

Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till. Sudeep Singh Sidhu SOIL 4213. What Is Tillage?. The operation, practice or art of tilling or preparing land for sowing, and keeping the ground in proper state for growth of crops. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tillage.

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Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till

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  1. Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till Sudeep Singh Sidhu SOIL 4213

  2. What Is Tillage? • The operation, practice or art of tilling or preparing land for sowing, and keeping the ground in proper state for growth of crops. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tillage

  3. WHY PERFORM TILLAGE • THE PHYSICAL MANIPULATION OF THE SOIL FOR THE PURPOSES OF: • Management of previous crop residues • Control of competing vegetation • Incorporation of amendments • Preparation of a seedbed • CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE LEAVES 5- 10% SURFACE RESIDUE

  4. Types of tillage • Primary • Incorporation of plant residues and fertilizers • Secondary tillage • Weed Management • Seed bed preparation

  5. Primary Tillage Plows

  6. Secondary Tillage

  7. Disadvantages • Loss of SOM • Expensive – Labor, Equipments, Time & Fuel • Less water holding capacity • Wind and water erosion • Destruction of soil pores • Aggregate Breakdown- Crusting • Compaction- Restricts root growth & water infiltration

  8. INTENSIVE TILLAGE PROMOTES SOIL EROSION

  9. Wind Erosion

  10. CROP RESIDUE IS STILL THE BEST EROSION PREVENTION TOOL • REDUCED DETACHMENT • HINDERS OVERLAND FLOW • IMPROVED INFILTRATION • ROTATIONS MAINTAIN SOIL STRUCTURE

  11. No Till - Definition • Planting crops without prior seedbed preparation, into an existing cover crop, or crop residues, and eliminating subsequent tillage operations. Plant Cover Kill Cover Soil is Always Covered Soil is Never Disturbed Harvest Plant Crop

  12. Advantages • ↑ Soil Organic Matter • ↑ Water conservation • ↑ Available nitrogen • ↑ Water Stable Aggregates – gums, gels etc • ↑ Biological Activity • ↓ Erosion • ↓ Heat Stress • ↓ Summer Fallowing • ↓ Weed Population

  13. Heat Stress and Yield HSI = Σ (Ti – Tc ) Wang et al. (2007)

  14. Nutrient Loss Lankoski et al (2006)

  15. Cost ?? Lankoski et al (2006)

  16. References • Lankoski, J., Ollikainen, M. and Uusitalo, P. (2006). No-till technology: benefits to farmers and the environment? Theoretical analysis and application to Finnish agriculture. European Review of Agricultural Economics 33: 193-221. • Wang, H., Lemke, R., Goddard, T. and Sprout, C. (2007). Tillage and root heat stress in wheat in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87:3-10. • http://southcenters.osu.edu/soil/compact.htm • http://www.extsoilcrop.colostate.edu/Newsletters/2002/May • www.nhaindia.com/images/cultivator.jpg • www.topcropmanager.com

  17. Continued… • http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/tillage_2.html • www.thunderdisc.com/images/graphics/1000024.jpg • www.funkworkz.com/.../MoldboardPlowAfter.JPG • www.tulsipeople.com/.../05/india%20farming.jpg • www.ccma.vic.gov.au/soilhealth/ • www.auri.org/proproj/rottine1.jpg

  18. Questions?

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