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Mediterranean Civilizations

Mediterranean Civilizations. Coach Parrish OMS Chapter 2, Section 4. Phoenician Sea Power. Tyre was a major city located in a region called Phoenicia. Tyre sold purple cloth that they dyed from snail glands.

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Mediterranean Civilizations

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  1. Mediterranean Civilizations Coach Parrish OMS Chapter 2, Section 4

  2. Phoenician Sea Power • Tyre was a major city located in a region called Phoenicia. Tyre sold purple cloth that they dyed from snail glands. • Phoenicians became major traders because of the snail dye and also wood from cedar forests. • They controlled trade in the Mediterranean by telling stories of horrible sea creatures.

  3. Example of snails used by Phoenician

  4. Phoenician Alphabet • Phoenician Alphabet – set of 22 symbols that represented the sounds of the language. • Served as the basis of many languages, including English. • Alphabet meant that common people could begin writing. Cuneiform was only used by very skilled scribes.

  5. Phoenician Alphabet

  6. Rise of Israel • A small group of people originally called the Hebrews, settled around the Jordan River Valley. Became known as the Israelites. • Much of what is known about the history of Israel comes from the Jewish Torah and the Christian Bible. • First leader of Israel was Abraham (c. 1500 BC)

  7. Abraham the Leader • The Israelites trace their beginnings to Mesopotamia. They began as shepherds and merchants outside Sumerian cities. • According to the Bible, Abraham had his people practice monotheism – belief in one god.

  8. From Canaan to Egypt • Jewish Torah explains that Abraham lead his people to Canaan. • Once the Israelites got to Canaan, a horrible famine struck the land. Famine – time when there is so little food, many people starve. • After the famine hit, they fled to Egypt where they lived well for a few hundred years until an Egyptian king forced them out because he feared they were too powerful.

  9. In the Desert • Moses led the Israelites from Egypt into the desert, called the Exodus. • They wandered in the Sinai Desert for 40 years, where God gave them the Ten Commandments. • Eventually they returned to Canaan where they settled and became farmers.

  10. Settlement in Canaan • United under their first king, Saul, who helped fight off enemies. • David, the 2nd king of Israel, established his capital in Jerusalem.

  11. A Divided Kingdom • After David died, his son, Solomon, inherited the kingdom. After Solomon died, the country split into two kingdoms. • Northern kingdom – Israel • Southern kingdom – Judah • Assyrians conquered the Israelites and gained control of Judah.

  12. Sent Into Exile • In 722 BC, the Israelites resisted Assyrian rule and were exiled to distant parts of the land. • Exile – force people to live in another place or country. • Assyrians controlled Judah until they were defeated by the Chaldeans. Later, the king of Judah rebelled against the Chaldeans, and Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem.

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