Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome

1. Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome Mrs. Booth

2. Agenda • Finish up religions review, analyze • Civilizations in the Mediterranean-Notes, fill out the chart. I have budgeted only thirty minutes tops for this, I will time it. • India and Mediterranean review. • Mediterranean Reflection • Greece and China-Comparative DBQ.

3. What assumptions come to mind when you think of Ancient Greece?

4. What assumptions come to mind when you think of Ancient Rome?

5. Commonalities?

6. Impact on the contemporary?

7. Two major civilizations form… • Two major civilizations form in Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean. • A massive Persian Empire develops spurred by outside invasion. • At the same time, Greek city-states establish a presence along the Eastern Mediterranean and into parts of Southern Europe. • Greeks develop strong culture of their own and every one else is considered “bar-bars.”

8. Classical Mediterranean • Complicated because it passes through two centers during its centuries of vigor • Greece • Rome

9. 800 BCE-476 CE • Classical civilizations sprang up along the Mediterranean and had an impact that rivaled that of India and China • Centered first in Greece, then in Rome

11. Persia in the Middle East: Cyrus the Great Based on the map, what do you think makes Cyrus so “Great?”

12. Persia in the Middle East:Cyrus the Great • 550 BCE, Cyrus the Great establishes a massive Persian Empire across the northern middle East and into northwestern India. • Inherits many achievements made by earlier Mesopotamian societies • Persians develop a new religion-Zoroastrianism • supreme deity, Ahura Mazda • cosmic struggle between a spirit of good, Spenta Mainyu, and a spirit of evil, Angra Mainyu.

13. Greece • Indo-European people, like Aryan conquerors of India. • Ultimately toppled by waves of invaders until civilization is destroyed in the peninsula until 800 BCE. • Rapid rise in civilization between 800-600 BCE. • Strong city-states instead of centralized government- each city state had its own government • Usually aristocratic council or tyranny of one

14. Greece Continued… • Trade begins to develop rapidly • Strong culture emerges, including a rich written language derived from the Phoenician alphabet • Greek also joined in regular celebrations such as the athletic competitions of the Olympic Games • Sparta and Athens become two leading city-states

15. 500-449 BCE • Sparta and Athens cooperate to defeat the huge Persian invasion. • This is the point Greek/Athenian culture reaches its highest point • Pericles becomes most famous political figure in Greece- dominates Athenian politics

17. Peloponnesian Wars • 431-404 BCE • Athens and Sparta fight for control of Greece • Ambitious Kings from Macedonia also involved in wars and soon conquer depleted cities. • Philip II of Macedon wins crucial battle in 338 BCE. THEN…son Alexander the Great extends the Macedonian empire through the Middle East, across Persia to the border of India, and Southward through Egypt.

18. Alexander the Great • Macedonian King who forges a military empire that briefly embraces Persia as well. • Through his military conquests, Greek cultural influence is spread so widely that the years that follow are known as Hellenistic (“from the Greek”) period of history. Are these images accurate? Why or why not? Mosaic discovered at Pompeii

19. Alexander the Great dies…. • At 33, Alexander dies but successors still keep Greek influence alive and strong. • Period known as the Hellenistic Period because the influence of the Greeks, or hellenes, as Greeks were known

21. Rome • Rise of Rome is the last phase of classical Mediterranean civilization. • Began humbly in 800 BCE with a local monarchy in central Italy • 509 BCE Roman Aristocrats drive out monarchy and establish more elaborate political institutions for their city-state

22. Punic Wars • Roman conquest of territory leads to wars with the Phoenician city of Carthage. (Northern coast of Africa) • 264-146 BCE • After final destruction of Carthage, Romans proceed to seize entire western Mediterranean along with Greece and Egypt.

23. Politics of Roman Republic

24. Politics of Roman Republic • Politics of Roman Republic becomes increasingly unstable as powerful generals began fighting one another and the poor of the city rebelled. • Civil war between two generals led to the victory of Julius Caesar in 45 BCE • Caesar's grand nephew seizes power in 27 BCE and establishes the basic structures of the Roman Empire.

25. The Roman Empire • 200 yrs through reign of Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE, the empire maintained great vigor, bringing peace and prosperity to all of the Mediterranean World. Pantheon commissioned by Marcus Agrippa as a temple.

26. STEA63540075

27. Stop, think, discuss • What similarities can your draw between Greece and Rome? • Why do the similarities exist?

28. Fan-N-Pick You will have approximately ten minutes to get through your questions. If the person answering does not know the answer, help them out with clues and hints until everyone understands. If your group finishes early (which they shouldn’t), start answering the reflection questions at the bottom of your note sheet on Greece and Rome.

29. Task • Each group will be given one of the following topics: • Greek Political Institutions • Roman Political Institutions • Religion/ Philosophy • Culture/Architecture • Economy and Society • The Fall of Rome/Global Connections

30. What you will be responsible for…. • For the remainder of class you will be allowed to work on Posters that will be presented at the opening of next class. • We will begin next class with a walk through the Mediterranean, where you will be responsible for teaching the class your aspect of Greek or Roman culture. Therefore, you must be thorough, and come up with a very interesting way to present your part of Mediterranean culture.

31. What should be included? • You should include…. • Three images associated with your topic. They can be drawn or printed off the internet. • Important names, dates or events that are associated with your theme • The major SPRITE facts included in your section • “Take away” themes (major themes) that everyone should know about your topic