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The Philippines

The Philippines. A Brief History. Map of the Philippines Today. I. Early Philippines. A. Filipinos are descended from Aeta , Agta , Ati ( Negritoes ), Tawainese , Chinese, Japanese, East Indian, Arab & Spanish. I. Filipino Ethnic & Religious Groups. I. Early Philippines.

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The Philippines

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  1. The Philippines A Brief History

  2. Map of the Philippines Today

  3. I. Early Philippines • A. Filipinos are descended from Aeta, Agta, Ati (Negritoes), Tawainese, Chinese, Japanese, East Indian, Arab & Spanish

  4. I. Filipino Ethnic & Religious Groups

  5. I. Early Philippines • B. Ancient Filipino rice farmlands in the North • C. Farm life D. Outrigger & Fishing

  6. II. Spanish Colonization of the Philippines • A. 1521 Filipino Colonization began with Ferdinand Magellan • B. The Spanish set up the same social class system in the Philippines & the Americas

  7. II. Routes of Spanish Conquests/Expeditions

  8. II. Spanish Class System in the Philippines Peninsulares Spanish_born in Spain Creoles (Criollos)Spanish born in the Phillipines Mestizoes, mixed with Filipino & Spanish Filipinos, Chinese, Other Asians & Mixtures of Filipinos (Indios) &with other Asian groups

  9. III. The Moro/Sulu Enslavement of Filipinos • A. Moro/Sulu Slavery began in the southern part of the Philippines between 1770-1879 • B. It was the result of a high demand for Chinese tea in Great Britain & the desire to lower Chinese tea prices • C. The English decided to take advantage of 2 things:

  10. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: Pirates & Slave Raiders D. 1, Moro Pirates that raid Spanish ships & steal guns 2, The Sulu ability to get sea cucumbers, pearls, birds’ nests, tortoise shells (all products that can be traded for tea)

  11. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: Pirates & Slave Raiders Birds’ Nest Soup $30-$100 Pearls

  12. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: Pirates & Slave Raiders Sea Cucumber Tortoise Shells

  13. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: Boats

  14. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: E. In order to gather enough of these rare products, the sultan decided to use slave labor F. Moro Slave raiders attacked & kidnapped people from: • Mindanao’s northern coast • Visayas’ coast, Java, Indonesia • Luzon’s coast Sumatra, Indonesia • Borneo’s coast Malay Peninsula • Celebes’ coast Sulu

  15. III. Southeast Asian Slave Routes

  16. III. Slave Trade Map Moro Slave Trade Trans Indian Slave Trade Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

  17. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: • G. Between 20,000-30,000 people were kidnapped from their homes • H. Forced to work in caves collecting birds’ nests, diving for pearls & sea cucumbers • I. The Sulu Sultan (King) traded birds’ nests, pearls & sea cucumbers to England in exchange for gunpowder, silk & porcelain • J. The English traded birds’ nests, pearls & sea cucumbers to China for tea

  18. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery:

  19. III.Moro/Sulu Slavery: Narrative & Prices

  20. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery:Gathering Birds Nests

  21. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery

  22. III. Moro/Sulu Slavery: Pearl Divers

  23. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas • A. Filipinos came to Mexico from 1565-1815 as sailors, prisoners, adventurers & most commonly slaves on the Manila Galleon • B. Filipinos were brought to the Americas to work in the fields, plantations, mines & homes

  24. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas

  25. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas

  26. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas • C. Mexico 1. Large groups in Colima, Guerrero & Michoacan 2. “China Poblana”, Filipina slave who: a. combined Filipino & Mexican recipes to make Mole b. combined Filipino & Mexican clothes

  27. IV. La China Poblana

  28. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas 3. Isidoro Montes de Oca was Filipino Mexico revolutionary: a. who fought alongside Vicente Guererro & Father Jose Morelos. b. La Union de Isidoro Montes de Oca, Guerrero Mexico is named after him 4. Francisco Mongoy was Filipino Mexico revolutionary who fought alongside Vicente Guererro

  29. IV. Filipino Enslavement in the Americas

  30. V. Cavite Mutiny (Revolt) A. Indigenous Filipinos routinely revolted against the Spanish B. Due to high taxation, few rights, etc creoles & mestizos began organizing C. Three priests called “GOMBURZA”, Maraino Gomez, Jose Burgos & Jacinto Zamora called for church reforms & civil rights for Filipinos

  31. V. Cavite Mutiny (Revolt)

  32. V. Cavite Mutiny (Revolt) D. Soldiers were forced to pay taxes for the first time & do “polo y servicio” (forced labor) E. On January 20, 1872, 200 soldiers & workers also rose up because their paychecks not only reflected taxes, but also “falla” (a tax to be exempted from forced labor)& lost F. The priests “GOMBURZA” were falsely accused of organizing the revolt (by 3 alleged mutineers), along with several other soldiers

  33. V. Cavite Mutiny (Revolt)

  34. V. Cavite Mutiny (Revolt) G. February 17,1872 They were executed on Bagumbayan Field H. Some revolutionaries were sentenced to life in prison or exiled to Guam I. Served as the “unofficial” beginning or inspiration for the Filipino Revolution

  35. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  36. VI. The Philippine Revolution • A. Causes of the Revolution: 1. Enlightenment Ideals (Lack of civil rights, racism, democracy, land, education, etc) 2. Unfair Casta System, that favored peninsulares & discriminated against indigenous Filipinos 3. The building of the Suez Canal (1869), opened up trade, education & new ideas on freedom 4. Filipinos were inspired by the Cavite Mutiny (1872) considered “GOMBURZA” to be martyrs 5. Jose Rizal formed “La Liga Filipina” (1892), which split into 2 groups 6. As a result, Filipinos never stopped organizing

  37. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  38. VI. The Philippine Revolution • B. “The Katipunan” • (one of La Liga Filipina’s splinter groups) 1. Organized in 1895 by Andres Bonifacio 2. Meant “gathering”, “society” in Tagalog 3. It was a pro-independence Filipino group 4. Emilio Aguinaldo, a veteran & survivor of the Cavite Mutiny joined the group 5. It had a membership of 100,000 by 1896

  39. VI. The Philippine Revolution Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangKatipunanngmgaAnakngBayan

  40. VI. The Philippine Revolution • C. The Philippine Revolution Begins 1. In August of 1896, the Spanish discovered the existence of Katipunan 2. 1896, Andres Bonifacio started the revolution with the "Cry of PugadLawin or “The Cry of Balintawak” which called for an end to taxation & Filipino Independence from Spain 3. The Spanish immediately arrested Jose Rizal

  41. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  42. VI. The Philippine Revolution 4. Emilio Aguinaldo, a veteran of the Cavite Mutiny joins “The Katipunan” 5. On August 29, with 1,000 rebels, “The Katipunan” attacked Manila 6. It eventually spread throughout the country 7. Jose Rizal was publicly executed him on 12/ 30/1896 & became a symbol of struggle

  43. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  44. VI. The Philippine Revolution • 8. Jose Rizal: a. A reformer, activist, writer, artist & doctor b. Wrote Noli Me Tangere(Critical of Phillipine Society) & El Filibusterismo(Critical of Spanish Rule of the Philippines & the Catholic Church) c. Created Maria Clara, heroine of Noli Me Tangere, who has become a symbol of the Philippines d. Rizal Day is a national holiday in the Philippines

  45. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  46. VI. The Philippine Revolution Maria Clara

  47. VI. The Philippine Revolution • 9. Emilio Aguinaldo: a. Wins several battles against the Spanish b. Became the leader of “The Katipunan” c. Executes Andres Bonifacio (possibly on false charges) in March1897 d. December 15, 1897, Biak-na-Bato marked the end of The Philippine Revolution e. Exiled to Hong Kong

  48. VI. The Philippine Revolution

  49. VI. The Philippine Revolution • D. The Spanish-American War 1. In 1898 US declared war on Spain over the sinking of the USS Maine. 2. The US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet in the Philippines May 1. 1898 3. Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines & declared independence from Spain 4. Emilio Aguinaldo established the Philippine Republic & became the 1st president

  50. VI. The Philippine Revolution 1899-1901

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