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EVOLUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. By Elisante Ole Gabriel (Tanzania) egabriel@edenconsult.net, www.olegabriel.com +255-784-455-499. NATURE OF ENTRENEURSHIP/Evolution. An entrepreneur is:
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EVOLUTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP By Elisante Ole Gabriel (Tanzania) egabriel@edenconsult.net, www.olegabriel.com +255-784-455-499
NATURE OF ENTRENEURSHIP/Evolution An entrepreneur is: • An innovator or developer who recognizes and seizes opportunities convert them into workable/marketable ideas. • Adds value through time, effort, money or skills • Assumes the risks of competitive marketplace to implement these ideas.
Characteristics • Personal initiative • Ability to consolidate resources • Management skills • Desire for an autonomy • Risk taking • Aggressiveness • Competitiveness
Characteristics • Goal oriented behaviour • Confidence • Opportunistic behaviour • Intuitiveness • Reality – based actions • Ability to learn from mistakes • Ability to employ human relations skills
Evolution • “Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating incremental wealth” • Entrepreneurship is an agent of change, providing creative, innovative ideas for businesses, helping businesses to grow and become profitable. • Entrepreneurs have created new products and services • Entrepreneurship is a “pioneer-ship on the frontier of business
Evolution • Application of energy to initiating and building an enterprise • And not watching and analyzing risks – both personal and financial. • Do everything possible to reduce chances of failure.
Approaches to Entrepreneurship • Macro view: presents a broad away of factors that relate to success or failure in the contemporary entrepreneurial ventures. • Micro view: examines the factor that is specific to entrepreneurship and are part of the internal locus of control.
Approaches to Entrepreneurship/macro • Environmental school of thought (deals with external factor that affects a potential entrepreneur’s lifestyle. • Financial/Capital school of thought (based on the capital seeking process) • Displacement school of thought (focuses on group phenomena )
Approaches to Entrepreneurship • Political displacement (regulations and policies) • Cultural displacement (ethnic background, race, religion, and sex) • Economic displacement (economic variation of recession and depression –job loss, capital shrinkage)
Approaches to Entrepreneurship/micro • Entrepreneurial trait school of thought (focuses on successful people exhibit similar characteristics –achievement, creativity, determination, and technical knowledge) • Venture opportunity school of thought (focuses on opportunity aspect of venture development – creativity and market awareness are viewed as essential)
Approaches to Entrepreneurship/micro • Proper preparation in the interdisciplinary segment of business will enhance the ability to recognize venture opportunities • Strategic formulation school of thought (planning process in successful venture – strategic planning is interwoven into the entire fabric of management)
Approaches to Entrepreneurship/micro • Unique markets:mountain versus mountain gap strategies- identifying major market segments as well as in-between markets that arises from larger markets • Unique people: great chef strategy-skills or special talents. • Unique resources: water well strategy-special resources-land, labour, capital, raw materials)
Approaches to Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Events Approaches (planning, implementing, and controlling entrepreneurial activities): • Initiative • Organization • Administration • Relative autonomy • Risk taking • environment
Entrepreneurial assessment Approach • Assessment must be qualitative, quantitative, strategically and ethically in regard to entrepreneur, the venture and the environment
Multidimensional Approach Combination of: • The individual • The environment • The organization • The process
Individual • Need for achievement • Locus of control • Risk taking propensity • Job satisfaction • Previous work experience • Age • education
Environment • Venture capital availability • Presence of experienced entrepreneur • Technically skilled labour • Accessibility of suppliers • Accessibility of customers or new markets • Government influence • Accessibility of transportation
Organization • Type of firm • Entrepreneurial environment • Patterns • Strategic variables • Costs, differentiation, focus • Competitive entry wedges
Finally Process • Entrepreneur locates a business opportunity • Entrepreneur accumulates resources • Entrepreneur markets products and services • Entrepreneur produces the product • Entrepreneur builds an organization • Entrepreneur responds to government and society.