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Psychohygiene And Psychoprophylaxis In Age Aspect. The bachelor as the teacher.
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The bachelor as the teacher • A problem of therapy from the point of view of influence of the bachelor on a self-consciousness of the patient is improvement of his ability to conscious purposeful managements of a mental self-regulation, to active counteraction of illness. • The bachelor as the teacher at dialogue with the patient most completely realizes a principle " a recovery through comprehension " and that position known to much clinicians, that frequently it is necessary not only to treat the patient, but also to learn and bring up.
Educationofpatients • To learn - means to add to the person of knowledge which relieve of the big scale of experiences, high level of alarm and feeling of pavor. • Education provides repeated, patient, easygoing repetition of some positions with which help patients get rid of delicacies, the mistakes, harmful habits, from prejudices, tendentiousness, biases and superstitions.
The pedagogical psychotherapy • The pedagogical psychotherapy is natural continuation of a rational psychotherapy, answering completely to modern problems of psychoneurological and somatic clinics. • It stimulates flexibility and efficiency of clinical thinking of bachelors, enriches principles of a complex psychotherapy, allowing in the form of an individual or collective psychotherapy to solve the pressing questions of intensive treatment and prophylaxis.
Problems to be solved • Disposal of patients of ignorance and mistakes of judgement • Correction of the big scale of experiences, a high level of alarm and feeling of pavor • the Substantiation and suggestion of optimistic medical prospect • Social activation of the falling ill person
The bachelor should be by all means the psychologist • In the present conditions the bachelor should be by all means the psychologist because it will allow it to be guided more precisely in a characterology, personal reactions of people, will help to study features of thinking of the patient, and also to find out his moral - ethical and social installations. • The bachelor should be also the teacher freely owning didactics because many positions of a psychohygiene demand from people of steady skills, performances of obligatory rules, references without which this activity becomes abstract and even ephemeral.
The cultural aspects • The culture of people is shaped and reaches the big heights only then when 4 following aspects are united: education, training, knowledge and constant perfection of the person. Education leans on continuity of human experience which develops and improved from generation to generation. • The bachelor engaged in medical pedagogics, constantly uses collective experience and by way of the trade, and in the field of interfacing sciences.
Professionally important qualities • Skill to give to people, keeping thus goodwill, partnership, sincere to be useful, feeling of human advantage; • To be magnanimous, indulgent, ready to quiet repetition of fundamental positions (education - it quiet, repeated, easygoing repetition); • To take a position of the imperceptible principal and the appreciable assistant, to avoid instructive tone, to remember and carry out a rule: " Helping, do not humiliate "; • To be always and in all punctual as strong-willed qualities of the person begin with punctuality. The will is shaped through overcoming of difficulties and consequently it is necessary to learn to be pleased to difficulties, to obstacles, to not avoid them, and to meet and overcome.
Professionally important qualities • To be kind, indulgent, to be able to forgive tactlessness in words and actions of patients for kindness is necessary as a hobby, is exact the same as also health for a body. • To be in an amicable way dissatisfied itself, to improve itself, the knowledge, the characterologic qualities, indefatigably to find new, more effective ways to the work. • To share the experience with colleagues. To be able to listen, develop in itself not only speech, but also " art of silence ".
A basis of good resistibility to illness • A basis of good resistibility to illness are properties of an organism, nervous system, and their concrete diffraction in requirements inherent in the given person, aspirations and in activity induced by them are not in themselves. • The active vital position and, accordingly, intensive counteraction of illness, as a rule, are based on the account of interests of a society. Patients for whom appreciable social interests are characteristic, actively cooperate with the bachelor during treatment. The major precondition of successful treatment is development of conscious motivation on active overcoming of illness.
The problem "patient - illness" • The problem "patient - illness", knowledge represents patients of the illness the big interest, however thus it is necessary to take into account influence of psychogenic factors, an emotional condition of the patient, a constant mutual induction of the patients discussing each sign and illnesses each other, possible complications, character of treatment, the forecast, etc. • Formation of an estimation of illness is influenced with contact to seriously ill patients, the data gathered from conversations with relations and familiar, with the personnel and other persons.
The attitude to illness • Normal, that is corresponding to a condition of the patient or that reported to it about disease; • Scornful when the patient underestimates gravity of disease, it is not treated, concerning the forecast shows unreasonable optimism; • Denying at which the patient " does not pay attention " to illness, drives away from itself ideas about it, does not address to the bachelor; • Nosophobic when the patient disproportionately is afraid of the illness, it is repeatedly surveyed, changes bachelors, he to a greater or lesser extent understands, that his fears are exaggerated, but cannot struggle with them; • Hypochiondrial at which the patient is convinced that suffers serious disease. • Nosophilic, connected with " the certain calm and pleasant feelings at illness.
Patient’s vital position • The strongest positive takes of a psychotherapy are reached, if it is possible not only to change the attitude of the patient to immediate psychotraumatic circumstances, but also his vital positions as a whole. • It is conditionally possible to allocate the certain sequence in forms of behaviour of the bachelor during a psychotherapy. • At the first occurring with the patient,bachelor is minimally active, not directive, promotes sincere disclosing of emotional experiences of the patient, creation of confidential contact. • Then, raising the activity, the bachelor starts finding-out of " an internal picture of illness ", to verbalization by the patient of all of his representations connected to comprehension of illness, expectations from treatment and prospects of convalescence.
Carrying out of correction concept • Carrying out of correction concept of illness at the patient, the bachelor discusses with it the data of his inspections, convinces, that the reasons of illness are covered not in organic changes, helps to catch connection of emotional factors with a symptomatology. During this period the bachelor gives the patient the corresponding information and acts in a role of the expert. • Mutual relations with the patient go deep, the bachelor becomes the assistant in a hard work of the patient above his private world. • At the final stage the bachelor again strengthens the activity and even a direct in test and fastening by the patient of new ways of experience and behaviour.
For effective realization of any suggestions are necessary • Deep contact to the patient, got not only during dialogue, but also multilateral use of materials of self-ratings of the patient; • the Clinical analysis, acquaintance with a social - psychological portrait of the patient; • Separate psychotherapeutic methods and receptions during reorganization of system of attitudes of the person; • Change of the attitude not only for disputed experiences, but also for concrete current everyday situations; • Coordination of personal and public interests, normalization of interpersonal attitudes, interactions with family, people, a society.
Main principles of simple psychotherapeutic treatment • Don’t overpersuade the patient that " he cannot have those attributes of which he complains ", and on the contrary, clearly to explain to it the mechanism of occurrence of these attributes. • At an explanation to use easily clear examples from daily life. • To bring the patient to the decision of a disputed situation so that he, without helps and the seen help, but all imperceptibly supervised, has solved them. • To carry out close influence on the person of the patient first of all in that sense to install confidence, that he does not have serious disease, and only functional infringement. • There where it is necessary to involve in the decision of participating persons, for example, the wife, children, relatives, employees, etc. • If necessary to refer to the psychiatrist. • Don’t suppose iatrogenias.
The jatrogenia • The jatrogenia is not short-term reaction of the patient to the wrong statement or action of the bachelor , and the fixed neurotic frustration having usually true reasons in the person of the patient and character of their attitudes with the bachelor . • It represents some kind of the negative placebo - effect connected to certain expectations, fears and installations of the patient concerning illness, the bachelor and treatments.
