Andreas Tauschwitz GSI Plasma Physics for the WDM-Collaboration*

1. Radiative Properties of Warm Dense MatterProduced by Intense Heavy Ion Beamsand Diagnosed by Intense Laser Beams Intense heavy ion beam driven targets PHELIX driven diagnostics Andreas Tauschwitz GSI Plasma Physics for the WDM-Collaboration* LLNL, Livermore, USA UCLA, Los Angeles, USA Institute of Laser Engineering ILE, Osaka, Japan The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN, Saitama, Japan Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia MISDC VNIFFTRI, Mendeleevo, Russia ITEP, Moscow, Russia Lebedev Physical Institute, Laboratory of Optics, Moscow, Russia Lebedev Physical Institute, Thermonuclear Target Lab., Moscow, Russia State Polytechnic University of St. Petersburg, Russia *GSI-Darmstadt, Germany Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, Germany Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, Rostock, Germany Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France LULI-PAPD, Paris, France Université de Provence, Centre St. Jérôme, PIIM, Marseille, France LOA-ENSTA, Palaiseau, France Queens University of Belfast QUB, Belfast, UK Fudan University, Shanghai LANL, Los Alamos, USA

2. r, mm r, mm z, mm z, mm g/cm3 g/cm3 mm mm Target design: extension to new geometries and materials Dynamic Confinement* (spherical geometry) Compression with low-Z tamper Dynamic Confinement initial radius 350 µm, tamper 150 µm initial radius 400 µm, tamper 50 µm in hydrogen T=0.6 eV in hydrogen T=0.6 eV • Investigation of WDM with emphasis on: • Optical properties (atomic physics in dense environments) • Laser as key diagnostics tool (X-ray scattering) • Limitation to low to mid-Z targets • improved homogeneity • lower tamper line density • wide range of ion energy • large volume of confined material • no special beam shaping required • compression by factor 2 • compatible with scattering diagnostics

3. New decisions relevant to the physics program Status of PHELIX: laser is fully operational with long and short pulse option beam quality and stability exceeding most comparable facilities But: application for funding to install a laser beamline to the HHT area at SIS18 to Helmholtz has been withdrawn Consequence: development of x-ray scattering diagnostics for HIB Targets delayed until a kJ-laser at FAIR is available focusing on other topics of the WDM-program that can be prepared without a kJ-laser: opacity measurements

4. Motivation: • Different atomic physics models predict strong temperature dependent effects • Measured frequency-dependent opacities of WDM will benchmark theoretical approaches • For a limited range of temperatures and materials these measurements are possible at SIS-18 Opacity measurements in the WDM regime material lead density 0.01 g/cm3 temperature 2 eV thickness 200 µm An.Tauschwitz et al. Appl. Phys. B accepted for publication

5. Sample preparation: Isothermal expansion • Nearly constant temperature is necessary for precise opacity measurements • Gaussian density profile can be taken into account in the analysis of experimental transmission data • Ion beam heated foils are very well suited for opacity measurements in the WDM-regime Pb: 0.3 µm foil, 10 kJ/g (~1010 U ions), 100 ns pulse • Perspectives for the WDM-collaboration at FAIR • Higher beam intensities, shorter pulses: higher density / temperature plasmas • No material restriction • High power laser available to drive a backlighter

6. Laser for FAIR:Upgrade and transfer of PHELIX transfer of PHELIX is the ‘low-budget’ solution securing of essential components from LANL or LLNL for the upgrade to two beamlines (long + short pulse) is in preparation broad agreement on the basic laser data in the plasma physics community basis for the CC planning growing interest of the SPARC collaboration in a high power laser is broadening the supporting community at FAIR LLNL expressed strong interest to participate in FAIR through a high-repetition rate kJ-laser (‘UNITY’) funding sources are currently investigated little progress since last year compatible with the CC planning Planning for a high power- high energy laser for FAIR

7. frequ. conversion Faraday rot. 1 spatial filter 1 main amp 1 PW compressor preamp 1 ns frontend swith yard target chamber preamp 2 fs frontend beam expander Faraday rot. 2 spatial filter 2 main amp 2 PHELIX II: Layout of a high power laser for FAIR • Logistics: • consists mainly of available components from PHELIX and from LLNL/LANL • allows installation of the first beamline while PHELIX is still operating • Main characteristics: • two pulse system (ns and ps) • two preamplifiers (one with high reprate) • main amp: five 31 cm Nova amps in double pass • using the PHELIX PW-compressor • target chamber with shielding in the laser bay • Possible laser upgrades: • water cooling of the flashlamps • frequency doubling of both beams • 4-pass amplification using a PEPC (ns-beam) • installation of a 4-pass compressor tank

8. LLNL proposal: The 1-kJ, 1-ps, 1-Hz, 'Unity' laser FAIR “Unity” Laser Strawman Concept and Cost Estimates – C P J Barty

9. UNITY can replace one of the two PHELIX II beam lines PHELIX ns-beamline ns-frontend UNITY-beamline

10. New building layout as input for FAIR-CC Location of the laser bay above the cave allows easy access for the laser

11. Location of Plasma Physics in the FAIR complex efficient realization of the plasma physics requests by the FAIR-CC team

12. in April 2008 a Technical Working Group (TWG) representing the HEDgeHOB and WDM collaborations has been formed the TWG headed by T. Stöhlker represents the two collaborations with respect to all technical questions of civil construction and experiment installation constructive and effective work of the TWG for civil construction preparation of a common plasma physics TDR has been started New organizational structure of Plasma Physics at FAIR

13. Backup slides

14. Second floor: Laser bay, clean room facilities control room laserbay clean room facility

15. First floor: Capacitor bank, building services capacitor bank

16. First basement: Laboratories, workshop laboratories beamline supplies

17. Second basement: Cave, exp. control room control room experiment supplies for final ion optics supplies beamlines

18. Cost matrix CORE-E report of FAIR Experiments: … A petawatt laser is needed, which will be implemented by reusing and upgrading the present PHELIX laser …The collaboration assumes that at least part of this investment will be born out of the FAIR budget, a question, which needs clarification. Laser 5730 k€ Total PP including laser 12920 k€ Application for funding (3.5 M€) from Helmholtz pending Required equipment for laser exp: x-ray spectrometers 128 k€ optimized x-ray crystals: 44 k€ optical spectrometer: 63 k€ Streak camera (optical): 190 k€ Streak camera (x-ray): 370 k€ Target manipulators: 55 k€ Data acquisition systems: 65 k€ 915 k€ • Existing MoU‘s: • DOE – BMBF signed July 24th, 2001on ‚Dense Plasma Physics‘(basis for the transfer of laser components from LLNL) • ILP – GSI signed Oct. 7th, 2005on ‚Physics of Dense Plasma and Fundamental and Applied Science of Inertial Confinement Fusion‘ • Signature of the HIPER consortium Declaration to apply for funding from the major WDM institutes (Aug. 2007): PIIM, Marseille, LPGP, Paris: 500 k€ LLNL, Livermore: 100 k€ PIIM, Marseille, Univ. Paris/LULI: 200 k€ QUB, Belfast: 200 k€ Univ. Frankfurt: 50 k€ 1050 k€