QUALITY ASSURANCE IN POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Bangladesh Experience

1. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS Bangladesh Experience LIZEN SHAH NAYEEM Deputy Director Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Statistics & Informatics Division Ministry of Planning

2. Map of Bangladesh Independence: 1971 Area: 147,570 km² Population: 149.7 million (2011) Population density: 1015 (2011) Population growth rate: 1.37

3. Presentation Outline • Resume of Census in Bangladesh • Census Process • Technology Used • New Features in the Census • Population Trends • Evaluation of Census Data in National Planning and Policy Making • International Recognition • Lessons learned • The Way Forward

4. Resume of Census in Bangladesh • Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) is mandated to conduct the population and housing census • Census history in this territory • Pre-independence: • Post-independence: • Last Census: March 15-19, 2011

5. The 5th Population and Housing Census of Bangladesh Objectives: • To develop benchmark database on population and housing characteristics of the country for preparation of development plans and programmes; • To develop sampling frame for conducting relevant socio-economic surveys; • To provide data for area delimitation and updating of electoral rolls of all national and local level elections Implementing Agency: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the National Statistical Organization (NSO), is responsible for undertaking all censuses of the country Financial and Technical Assistance: • Government of Bangladesh • Development Partners • European Union (EU) • United States Agency for International Development (USAID) • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) • US Census Bureau

6. Census Act and Different Body • The Census Order 1972 (President’s Order No. 70 of 1972); • National Statistical Council (NSC)* headed by Planning Minister • Steering Committee headed by the Secretary, Statistics and Informatics Division • Technical Committee headed by the Director General, BBS • Technical Advisory Committee headed by renowned statistician • Working Committee headed by the Project Director * After the enactment of Statistics Act, 2013 NSC was abolished

7. Census Phases

8. Method of Enumeration • Modified De-Facto method of enumeration was followed: • House to house interview method; • Floating Population are enumerated at census night; • According to modified De-facto method, all the persons were enumerated in place where he stayed in the census night except those who were on board or on duty. The persons who were on board and on duty were enumerated in their unusual residence; • De-Jure method of enumeration was followed in the sample census; • People on duty and on board were counted at their usual residences.

9. Census Reference Period

10. Stage 1: Major Pre-census Activities

11. Maps using during Census administration Mauza Map (Base Map) Two types of control map in enumeration Supervisor Area Map

12. Census Publicity

13. Questionnaire • Generally used questions in the census questionnaire • Household and housing module: • Type of household, number of houses, tenancy of the house, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and electricity connection • Individual module: • Age, sex, marital status, religion, educational status, field of education, literacy, activity status, field of employment • Ethnicity and Disability (including autism) are the new variables included in the questionnaire

14. Local Level Census Committee as a part of Whole of the govt. approach • Functions of the Committee • Administrative support • Implementation, Monitoring and Supervision • Support to publicity

15. Manpower Engaged in the Census Operation

16. Stage 2 : During Census Activities

17. Census Data Being Collected from the Honourable President Census Data Being Collected from the Honourable Prime Minister Field Data Collection of Census

18. Quality Control • Close Supervision: i. One supervisor for every 5-6 enumerators ii. One Zonal Officer for 2 Unions/Wards iii. One UCC for each Upazila iv. One DCC for each District or part of a big one • Independent Check by observer group • Use of digital map • Active participation of local census committees • Recruitment of increased number of female enumerators

19. Stage 3 : Post Census Activities • Storing and making inventory • Data capture using ICR technology • On screen data editing • Preparation of preliminary report • Analysis of data and preparation of community, district series reports • Preparation of National Reports • Development of a census database • Conduct Post Enumeration Check (PEC) Survey • Conduct Sample Census

20. Post Enumeration Check (PEC) • Post enumeration check was conducted independently under control and supervision of Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) during 10-14 April, 2011. • PEC was conducted in 282 Census Enumeration Areas out of 2,96,718 of which 140 were in the rural areas, 60 were in the municipal areas, 60 in the city corporations,20 in the other urban areas; • The PEC was conducted in April,2011 about one month after the census • Both the coverage and content errors were determined judiciously • Adjustment was made to the census data as per standard procedure

21. Sample Census • A large scale sample census consisting of 10 Modules with 81 Questions was conducted during October 15-25, 2011 • The Census covered 6,720 Enumeration Areas (EA) (Rural 5457, Urban 687) • From each EA 25 households were selected (Total HH 1,68,000: Rural 136,425, Urban 17,175) • Sample Census covered household and housing characteristics, demographic characteristics, economic activities, nuptiality, fertility, mortality and migration.

22. Dissemination of Report Census results are disseminated through: • Printed reports- preliminary, national and community • Electronic Form- CD and DVD • Wide dissemination- (BBS website- www.bbs.gov.bd) • Seminar, Workshop and Press Conference • Policy Brief

23. Publication of Reports

24. Glimpses of Some Important Census Outputs

25. Technology Used • Data was captured by ICR technology using iCADE software • CSPro was used for data analysis • Data capturing process and iCADE Software is supported by US Census Bureau

26. New Features in the Census 2011 • Introduced digital map • Ensured total involvement of field administration • Maximized the number of female enumerators • Provided ‘Training Manual’ and ‘Enumeration Area’ map to all the enumerators and supervisors • Imparted training with audio-visual device at all level • Used ICR questionnaire

27. Population trend of Bangladesh, 1974 – 2011 (Population in thousands)

28. Use of Census Data Census data are used in • preparation of poverty maps combined with HIES data using Small Area Estimation Technique • area delimitation and updating electoral rolls • preparation of the Five Year Plans of the Country • population projection • small area atlas • policy formulation and programme intervention

29. International Recognition • The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) recognized the Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 as showcase census • ESCAP also recognized Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 as good practice in the region

30. Challenges • Selection of proper enumerators and supervisors • Participation of stakeholders and mass people • Access to hard to reach areas like haors and hill areas etc. • Managing five thousand kilometer boarders and enumeration of adjacent population • Counting of floating population • Counting of population in reserve and restricted areas • Adaption of new technologies in data collection and processing • Recognition of handwriting • Huge data conversion and management

31. Lessons Learned • Consistent and uniform audio visual training improves quality of census data • Wide publicity improves both coverage and quality of data • Local level committees were found very effective in motivating people • Female enumerators were found to be more sincere • Digital colour maps were effective for better delineation of EA boundaries • Technology transfer was not made

32. Recommendations • Household listing should be done prior to census • In house capacity of BBS should be strengthened for in-depth analysis of census data. • A Publication Calendar for census reports should be prepared during census planning and followed accordingly • Allocating more time for census training at all levels

33. Thank You