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British Closed Mails via the United States (1851-1867)

British Closed Mails via the United States (1851-1867). Sections to be Discussed. The British & North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Co. (Cunard Line) Canadian Mail via the United States Mail between Europe and the Confederate States of America via Nassau and the United States

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British Closed Mails via the United States (1851-1867)

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  1. British Closed Mails via the United States (1851-1867)

  2. Sections to be Discussed • The British & North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Co. (Cunard Line) • Canadian Mail via the United States • Mail between Europe and the Confederate States of America via Nassau and the United States • Mail between Europe and Havana via the United States and Nassau

  3. The Cunard Line • Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st Baronet (1787-1865). • Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. • Founded the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Co. in 1839, reorganized as the Cunard Steamship Company, Ltd. in 1879. • Sir Edward Cunard, 2nd Baronet (1816-1869). • Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. • Operated the British and North American Royal Mail Steam-Packet Co. branch line between New York and Havana, via Nassau (1859-1867.

  4. The Postal Treaty of 1848 between the United States and Great Britain • Between June 15, 1847 and December 15, 1848 the U.K. did not recognize prepayment of transatlantic fee by American contract steamers • In July 1, 1848 the U.S. retaliated by ignoring prepayment of transatlantic fee by British steamers • In December 15, 1848 the U.S. and U.K. reached an agreement, a postal treaty that was in effect for 20 years • In July 1851 there was an agreement to send British closed mail through the U.S.

  5. Canada - open mails westbound Before 1848. • Halifax to Boston by Hibernia, paid 1s packet rate. • Rated 7¢, 5¢ for a distance <300 miles to Canada border + 2¢ ship fee. • Sent by closed mail bag from Boston to Montreal. • 7¢ = 4½d + 11½d Canadian internal fee (200-300 miles) for a total of 1/4 due. 1847 (May 31). Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Quebec City, via Boston and Montreal (David D’Alessandris collection).

  6. Canada - open mails westbound Since 1848. • Halifax to Boston by Asia, paid 5d packet rate. • Rated 10¢ for an unpaid letter to Canada. • 10¢ = 6d Canadian currency. 1855 (November 11). Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Toronto, C.W., via Boston (David D’Alessandris collection).

  7. Canada - closed mails eastbound Since 1851. • Sent in closed bag via Boston, paid 1s cy (2½ inland + 9½ steamship fee). • By America from Boston to Halifax and by Cunard feeder steamer from Halifax to Newfoundland. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1857 (May 4). Montreal, L.C., to Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, via Boston (David D’Alessandris collection).

  8. Canada - closed mails westbound Since 1851. • Halifax to Boston by America, paid 7½d cy (5d packet fee + 2½d inland rate). • Sent by rail from Boston to Montreal. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1858 (December 27). Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Montreal via Boston (David D’Alessandris collection).

  9. Confederate States of America - closed mails westbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Liverpool to N.Y. by Baltic, and by Corsica to Nassau, paid 1s packet fee. • One penny credit to the Bahamas post office. • Forwarded by Sawyer & Menendez and sent by blockade runner Fannie to Wilmington. • Twelve cents due from addressee (2¢ ship + 10¢ inland). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1863 (September 25). Liverpool, England, to Augusta, GA, via New York, Nassau and Wilmington, NC (Steve Walske collection).

  10. C.S.A. - closed mails westbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from London to N.Y. by Scotia, and by British Queen to Nassau (paid 1s packet fee). • Forwarded by Henry Adderley & Co. and sent by blockade runner Banshee II to Savannah. • Seven cents due from addressee (2¢ ship + 5¢ inland). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1862 (May 7). London, England, to Tuscaloosa, AL, via New York, Nassau and Savannah, GA (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  11. C.S.A. - closed mails westbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from G.B. to N.Y. by Persia, and by Corsica to Nassau (paid 1s packet fee). • Forwarded in Nassau and sent by blockade runner Syrento Charleston. • Six cents ship letter fee to the port of entry due from addressee. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (July 22). Tours, France, to Charleston, SC, via New York and Nassau (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  12. C.S.A. - closed mails westbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from Liverpool to N.Y. by Persia, and by Corsica to Nassau (paid 3s - 3x packet fee). • Forwarded in Nassau and sent by blockade runner Syrento Charleston. • 32 cents due from addressee (2¢ ship + 10¢ inland). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (October 22). Liverpool, England, to Macon, GA, via New York and Nassau (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  13. C.S.A. - closed mails eastbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from Petersburg to Nassau by the blockade runner Coquette (from Wilmington). • Forwarded by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Persia to Queenstown. • 2s due from addressee (1s packet fee + 1s unpaid penalty) • 7d due to the Bahamas post office (colonial 1d + half the penalty). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (February 5). Petersburg, VA, to London via Wilmington, Nassau and New York (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  14. C.S.A. - closed mails eastbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from Charleston to Nassau by the blockade runner Fannie. • Forwarded by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Australasian to Queenstown. • 3s due from addressee (2s double-weight packet fee + 1s unpaid penalty). • 8d due to the Bahamas post office (colonial 2d + half the penalty). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (February 5). Charleston, SC, to Liverpool via Nassau and New York (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  15. C.S.A. - closed mails eastbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from Charleston to Nassau by the blockade runner General Beauregard (from Wilmington). • Forwarded by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Scotia to Queenstown. • Prepaid in Nassau 1s (11d to GPO and 1d to the Bahamas post office). • Censored in Wilmington by Colonel B. Duncan. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (September 23). Charleston, SC, to Liverpool via Nassau and New York (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  16. C.S.A. - closed mails eastbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent under separate cover from Charleston to Nassau by the blockade runner Will of the Wisp (from Wilmington). • Forwarded by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Arabia to Queenstown. • Prepaid in Nassau 1/4 (1/3 to GPO and 1d to the Bahamas post office). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864 (June 28). Augusta, GA, to Cannes, France, via Nassau and New York (Siegel Auction Galleries).

  17. C.S.A. - closed mails eastbound Between 1861 and 1865. • Sent from Galveston to Havana by blockade runner. • Carried privately to Nassau and forwarded by Saunders & Son by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the China to Queenstown. • Prepaid in Nassau 1/4 (1/3 to GPO and 1d to the Bahamas post office). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1863 (September 11). Galveston, TX, to Dusseldorf, Prussia, via Havana, Nassau and New York (Steve Walske collection).

  18. RATES BETWEEN THE U.K. AND CUBA 1840: 2/3 Mexico Packet 1842: 2/3 West India Line (RMSPC) 1849: 1/- + 12½ US cents via USA 1851: 1/2½ via USA 1858: 1/6 Anglo-Spanish Treaty 1863: 1/- (until 1877)

  19. Cuba - open mails westbound From 1849 to 1851. • Sent privately from Germany to a forwarder in Liverpool who paid 1/4 (= 32 cents). • Carried by the Niagara to Boston and by the USMS Co. Ohio from N.Y.to Havana. • 12½ cents credit to the U.S. • One real postage due in Havana. 1850. Schonlinde, Saxony, Germany, to Havana via Liverpool, Boston and NY.

  20. Cuba - open mails eastbound Since 1851. 1859. Havanato London via Charleston and NY. By Cunard steamer Asia to Liverpool. 1/2½ due in GB (= 29 cents), 10 cents due to the US. 1859. Havanato Edinburgh via NY. By NGL steamer Bremen to Southampton. 1/2½ due in GB, 26 cents due to the US.

  21. Cuba - closed mails westbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Carried by the China to N.Y. and by the Karnakto Havana. • Last southbound trip of the Karnak. • Prepaid 1/2½ to Cuba. • Charged 2 reales postage due in Havana (NE2). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1862. Birmingham to Havana via Liverpool, New York and Nassau.

  22. Cuba - closed mails westbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Carried by the Canada to N.Y. and by the Karnakto Havana. • Double-weight letter prepaid 2/5 to Cuba. • Charged 6 reales postage due in Havana for a letter between 20 and 30 grams (NE and 6). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1860. London to Havana via Boston, New York and Nassau.

  23. Cuba - closed mails westbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Carried by the China or Scotia to the U.S. and by the Corsica to Havana. • Quadruple-weight letter prepaid 4/10 to Cuba. • Charged 8 reales postage due in Havana for a letter between 30 and 40 grams (NE and 8). • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1866. Birmingham to Havana via Queenstown, New York and Nassau.

  24. Cuba - closed mails eastbound Between 1859 and 1867. • The one real Cuban stamp paid the Havana local post office handling fee. • Sent unpaid by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Asia to Liverpool. • Charged 1/6 postage due in England. This is the “normal” rate found on northbound/eastbound correspondence to the U.K. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1863. Havana to London via Nassau, New York and Liverpool.

  25. Cuba - closed mails eastbound Between 1859 and 1867. • The ½ real Cuban stamp paid the internal rate from Matanzas to Havana. • Sent unpaid by the Karnakto N.Y. and by the America to Queenstown. • Charged 1/2½ postage due in England. This was the usual westbound fee to Cuba via the U.S. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1860. Matanzas to London via Havana, Nassau, New York and Queenstown.

  26. Cuba - closed mails eastbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Sent unpaid by the Corsica to N.Y. and by the Scotia to Queenstown. • Charged 1/- postage due in England. This was the reduced rate implemented on April 1, 1863. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1864. Havana to Ballyconnell, Ireland, via Havana, Nassau, New York and Queenstown.

  27. Cuba - closed mails eastbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Sent by the Karnakto N.Y. and by the Asia to Liverpool. • Prepaid 2/5 in Havana = 1/6 from Cuba to the U.K. + 1/- from London to Spain, minus 1d abatement. • 4d credit to Spain (2d per ¼ ounce). • Marked FRANCO at the Spanish exchange office of Irun. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1859. Havana to Santander, Spain, via Nassau, New York and Liverpool.

  28. Cuba - closed mails eastbound Between 1859 and 1867. • Sent by the Karnakto N.Y. and by the Persia to Queenstown. • Prepaid 4 silver realesin Havana, four times the fee by direct Spanish steamer. • Marked FRANCO at the Spanish exchange office of Irun. • No U.S. transit fee or markings. 1860. Havana to Santander, Spain, via Nassau, New York and Queenstown.

  29. The End

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