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Influenza Presentation. Agenda. What Is Influenza? Vaccine Testing and Safety Impact of Influenza Recommended Recipients Influenza Vaccines and Components Side Effects and Contra-indications Dosage and Administration Myths and Misconceptions Questions and Discussion. What is Influenza?.
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Agenda • What Is Influenza? • Vaccine Testing and Safety • Impact of Influenza • Recommended Recipients • Influenza Vaccines and Components • Side Effects and Contra-indications • Dosage and Administration • Myths and Misconceptions • Questions and Discussion Influenza
What is Influenza? • commonly known as the “flu” • very serious, highly contagious viral infection of respiratory tract • caused by influenza virus Influenza
How is influenza spread? • person to person through respiratory droplet (coughing, sneezing, talking) • contaminated surfaces (toys, utensils, door handles, unwashed hands, phones, keyboards etc.) Influenza
IncubationPeriod • 1 – 3 days Contagious Period • 1 day before symptoms, 3-5 days after onset of symptoms (up to 7 days in young children) Influenza
Symptoms • fever, chills • sore throat • cough • headaches • body aches and weakness • fatigue Influenza
Vaccine Testing and Safety • Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate (BGTD) • Surveillance Systems: • -Health Care Providers • -IMPACT (Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive) • -Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) • -Advisory Committee on Causality Assessment Recommendations on Vaccine Use: • NACI (National Advisory Committee on Immunization) • Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee Influenza
Impact of Influenza In Canada • Flu season usually runs from November to April in Canada • 10-25% of Canadians affected yearly • Average of 20,000 hospitalizations and 4 - 8,000 deaths in Canada each year • Influenza vaccine, regular hand washing and proper cough etiquette provide the best protection against the flu Influenza
Recommended Recipients • anyone over 6 months of age with no contra-indications • high priority groups Influenza
High Priority Groups People who may easily pass it on to people at risk for serious complications: • Health care workers or others who are in close contact with people at risk for serious flu complications • People who live with those at risk for serious flu complications • People who live with or take care of children aged 0 to 23 months of age • People who provide services within closed settings to those at risk (e.g. crew on ships) People with high risk health conditions: • Heart, kidney, or lung problems • Diabetes, cancer or diseases that lower the immune system • Blood diseases • People who have trouble clearing their nose or throat of excess mucus • Children and teens who have long term treatment with aspirin • People with anemia, hemoglobinopathy. • People 65 or older • Children aged 6 to 23 months • People who live in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities • Pregnant women Influenza
High Priority Groups Others: • People who provide essential community services • People in direct contact with avian flu infected poultry during the slaughtering process Special Consideration: • Persons with morbid obesity • Aboriginal peoples • Children 2 to 4 years of age Influenza
Others: • Healthy persons aged 5-64 without contraindications Influenza
2010-2011 Influenza Strains • A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virus • A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus • B/Brisbane/60/2008 –like virus Influenza
2 Trivalent Influenza Vaccines • Vaxigrip • Fluviral Influenza
Components of Influenza Vaccine • Egg protein • Thimerosal • Formaldehyde • Neomycin (Vaxigrip only) • Triton X-100 (Vaxigrip only) • Sodium Deoxycholate (Fluviral Only) Influenza
Dosage • 6-35 months: 0.25 mL, 1 or 2 doses * • 3-8 years: 0.5 mL, 1 or 2 doses * • ≥ 9 years: 0.5 mL, 1 dose * Previously unvaccinated children < 9 years of age require 2 doses of influenza vaccine given 4 weeks apart. Children < 9 years of age who have received one or more doses of influenza vaccine in the past are recommended 1 dose per season thereafter Influenza
Administration • Store at 2-8°C, do not freeze • Shake well • IM Deltoid (<12 months use thigh) • May be given at same time as other vaccines • Date opened multi dose vials and discard (Vaxigrip- 7 days, Fluviral- 28 days) Influenza
Side Effects • Local reactions (redness, soreness, swelling) • Fever • Anaphylaxis Influenza
Contra-indications • < 6 months old • Fever • Allergy to any component of vaccine or serious allergic reaction to previous dose • Anaphylaxis to eggs • History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) • History of Oculo-Respiratory Syndrome (ORS) • Active neurologic disorder Influenza
Myths and Misconceptions • I didn’t get the flu shot last year and didn’t get sick. I don’t need a flu shot. • I’m young and healthy, the flu is just a bad cold. I don’t need a flu shot. • Getting the flu shot will give me the flu. • Flu shots are not worth getting because they are not very effective. Influenza
Questions & Discussions Influenza
Resources • CCDR NACI Statement on Influenza Vaccination for 2008-2009 season, July, 2008, vol 34, ACS-3 • MOHLTC Influenza Fact Sheet, October, 2008 • Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Immunization Guide 7th edition, 2006 • Your Child’s Best Shot, Canadian Pediatric Society, Dr. Ronald Gold, 2006 • Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th edition, Dr. David Heymann, 2004 Influenza
