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Allied Powers

World War I. Allied Powers. Central Powers. THE HOME FRONT. 11. 3- Changes at home during WWI. Means to win the war…. * Shift from production of consumer goods to war supplies * Power of government expands to handle the responsibility

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Allied Powers

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  1. World War I Allied Powers Central Powers

  2. THE HOME FRONT 11. 3- Changes at home during WWI

  3. Means to win the war… * Shift from production of consumer goods to war supplies * Power of government expands to handle the responsibility • Pres. Wilson – takes direct control, set prices & regulated certain industries

  4. New Federal Agencies • War Industries Board • Mass production techniques • less versions of similar products • Set production quotas • Allocated raw materials • Industrial production increases 20%

  5. New Federal Agencies • Railroad Administration – controlled railroad • Fuel Administration – rationed fuel supplies • “gasless Sundays” • “lightless nights” • daylight savings time

  6. New Federal Agencies • Food Administration – Herbert Hoover • Gospel of the clean plate…. One day a week “meatless,” another “sweetless,” two days “wheatless,” and another two days “porkless.” Set high prices on staple crops = 30% increase in income for farmers

  7. War Economy • Wages increase 20% • Most don’t see it due to rising food & housing prices • Stockholders in corporations see enormous profits • Labor disputes led to the creation of: • National War Labor Board: made gains in reform and managed disputes “Work or fight”

  8. Selling the War • U.S. spends 35.5 billion • 1/3 taxes • The rest raised by selling bonds

  9. Selling the War • To popularize the war… • CPI – Committee on Public Information • Propaganda agency • George Creel • Pamphlets, booklets, posters, volunteer speakers, art • 75 million distributed by Boy Scouts

  10. Propaganda Fuels Hatred • Anti-immigrant hysteria- especially against Germans • Violent attacks • Removed German authors, artists, languages • Renamed German items • Ex. hamburger - salisbury steak

  11. Silencing the Opposition • Espionage & Sedition Acts • Fined $10,000 or jailed 20 years for doing/saying anything disloyal or abusive toward government war effort • Violation of 1st AMENDMENT!!!! • Targets socialists and labor leaders: • Eugene Debs – 10 yrs for speaking out against the war & the draft • Emma Goldman – 2 yrs jailed, $10,000 fine, then deported for starting “No Conscription League” • Unions fade away

  12. Social Changes • Great Migration is accelerated – movements of African-Americans north to cities • More jobs for blacks, but tensions rise among whites in cities

  13. Social Changes • Women – move into heavy industry jobs while men are away • Red Cross volunteers • Field nurses * Women’s effort in WWI leads to the passage of the 19th amendment in 1919

  14. The Flu Epidemic • 30 million killed worldwide • Fall of 1918 -1919 • Killed up to 1/3 of troops • hit Germans hard • 500,000 Americans

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