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Explore the intricate development of the primitive gut and its divisions, including foregut, midgut, and hindgut, as well as the formation of stomach, liver, and pancreas. Discover the embryology and clinical problems associated with GI system development.
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Development of GI system 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/index2.php?pid=75
GI system: • Primitive Gut Morphogenesis • Foregut • Midgut • Hindgut • Foregut embryology • Midgut embryology • Hindgut embryology
Formation of primitive gut Head fold, tail fold and lateral fold • Foregut • Midgut • Hindgut
The primitive gut: • Foregut 前腸 • esophagus • stomach(S) • proximal half of the duodenum (PD), • liver and pancreas. • Midgut 中腸 • distal half of the duodenum(DD) • jejunum(J), • ileum(I), • cecum(C), • appendix, • ascending colon and the right 3/4 of the transverse colon. • Hindgut 後腸 • left 1/4 of the transverse colon • the descending colon • sigmoid colon • the rectum(R) down to the ano-rectal line (the endoderm-ectoderm junction).
The blood supply: • Foregut : celiac artery • Midgut :superior mesenteric artery • Hindgut :inferior mesenteric artery The venous drainage of the gut : • Foregut : portal vein • Midgut : superior mesenteric vein • Hindgut :inferior mesenteric vein.
GI system: • Primitive Gut Morphogenesis • Foregut Embryology • Development of stomach • Development of mesentery • Liver morphogenesis • Pancrease morphogenesis • Midgut embryology • Hindgut embryology
Development of stomach Stomach: • Clock wise 90 • Greater curvature of stomach胃大彎 • Lesser curvature of stomach胃小彎 • Vagus n.
GI system: • Primitive Gut Morphogenesis • Mesentery morphogenesis • Dorsal mesentery背總腸繫膜 • Ventral mesentery腹總腸繫膜 • Foregut Embryology • Midgut embryology • Hindgut embryology
網膜孔 網膜囊
THE MESENTERY:-ventral mesentery: -falciform lig.鐮狀韌帶 -lesser omentum小網膜 -coronary lig.冠狀韌帶 -triangular lig.三角韌帶 -dorsal mesentery: • Mesogastrium : greater omentum大網膜, omentum bursa網膜囊 • Mesoduodenum十二指膜系膜 • mesentery proper (distal duodenum, jejunum and ileum), • mesocolon 結腸系膜 • Mesorectum直腸系膜
5 weeks 4 weeks Development of liver: • Hepatic diverticulum肝憩室 • Hepatic cords 肝索 • Gallbladder膽囊 • Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽 5 weeks 6 weeks
Development of pancrease • Dorsal pancreatic bud背側胰芽 • Body and tail of pancrease, accessory pancreatic duct • Ventral pancreatic bud腹側胰芽 • Uncinate process of pancrase, main pancreatic duct
Clinical problems Annular pancrease環狀胰臟
Development of spleen Accessory spleen副脾
GI system: • Primitive Gut Morphogenesis • Foregut Embryology • Midgut embryology • Rotation of midgut loop • Retum of midgut to abdomen • Fixation of intestine • Cecum and appendix • Hindgut embryology
6 weeks Rotation of midgut loop - Counterclock wise 90 10 weeks Retum of midgut to abdomen 11 weeks
Clinical problems Umbilical hernia ↑ ↓ Gastroschisis Muscles of abdominal wall : normal
Nonrotation of midgut Mixed rotation and volvulus Reversed rotation Internal hernia Midgut volvulus
Clinical problems Meckel’s diverticulum梅爾氏憩室
GI system: • Primitive Gut Morphogenesis • Foregut Embryology • Midgut embryology • Hindgut embryology • Partitioning of cloaca泄殖腔 • Urorectal septum泌尿直腸隔 • Cloaca泄殖腔 • Urogenital sinus泌尿生殖竇 • Anal canal肛管