1 / 22

Viscera of the GI system and Abdomen

Viscera of the GI system and Abdomen. Spleen. Spleen is an ovoid, purplish, delicate, vascular mass about the size and shape of one’s fist. It is covered with fibroelastic capsule on which it is entirely sorrounded by peritonium except at the hilum

fahim
Download Presentation

Viscera of the GI system and Abdomen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Viscera of the GI system and Abdomen

  2. Spleen • Spleen is an ovoid, purplish, delicate, vascular mass about the size and shape of one’s fist. • It is covered with fibroelastic capsule on which it is entirely sorrounded by peritonium except at the hilum • Located at the left upper quadrant or L. hypochondrium. • Most delicate organ and vulnerable organ,even though it is protected by the lower thoracic ribs. • Although it is a mobile organ, it does not descend below the costal region • It rests on the left colic fexure

  3. Functions of spleen • Prenatally it was a hematopoitic organ, • In adults it functions as a site of • Lymphocyte proliferation, • Removing/destroying expended RBCs and platelets • Recycling iron • Blood Resorvoir storing RBCs and platelets

  4. It is sorrounded • anteriorly by stomach • Posteriorly, left part of diaphragm,ribs 9-11 • Inferiorly, left colic flexure • Medially, left kidney • connected to • the posterior wall of greater curvature of stomach by gastrospleenic ligament • Left kidney by splenorenal ligament

  5. Spleenic artery, the largest branch of celiac trunk which inturn divides into 5 branches to supply the spleen. • Severe blows on the left side, Fracturing the ribs, Blunt trauma to the abdomen causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure • May cause the rupture of thin capsule and peritonium disrupting its soft parenchyma.

  6. Spleenomegaly may result because of spleenic disease or hypertension. • Repair of a ruptured spleen is difficult. So sub-total or total splenectomy is performed to prevent profuse bleeding and in cases of severe untreatable spleenomegaly • In adults, spleen is not a vital organ

  7. liver • Largest gland • After skin, largest single organ. • It occupies the R. hypochondrium and it extends into epigastric region and also the L. hypochondrium.

  8. Functions of liver • In the late fetus, it serves as a hematopoietic organ. In adults, • Production and secretion of bile • Filtration of blood removing bacteria, metabolizing various foreign substances and detoxifying • Stores glycogen

  9. The liver L. & R. lobes by falciform ligament • R.lobe quadrate lobe and a caudate lobe by the presence of gallbladder,fissure of ligamentumteres and inferior vena cava in the groove. • These are functional lobes which have separate R. & L. branches of hepatic artery, portal vein and the hepaic ducts

  10. Portahepatis, hilum of liver opens on the posteroinferior surface and lies between the caudate and quadrae lobes

  11. Liver has dual blood supply. • The hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to the liver and • the portal vein brings venous blood rich in products of digestion.

  12. The liver is made up of liver lobules. • The central vein of each lobule is a tributary of the sinusoids. • In spaces between lobules are portal canals, which contains the brances of hepatic artery, portal vein and a tributary of bile duct. • The hepatic artery and portal venal blood passes thru sinusoids, which are ultimately drained into central vein.

  13. Interlobar tributaries of the bile ducts, situated in the portal canals receive bile from canaliculi • R.hepaic duct drains from R.lobe and L.hepatic duct from L., caudate and quadrate lobes • R. and L. ducts emerge thru the portahepatis and join into common hepatic duct which joins with the cystic duct from the gall bladder to form the bile duct

  14. The bile duct enters into the descending duodenum thru the hepatopancreaticampulla (ampulla of vater) which is guarded by sphinchter of oddi.

  15. Gall Bladder • Gall bladder is a pear-shaped sac lying on the undersurface of liver. • Gall bladder stores and concenterates bile

  16. When digestion does not happen, the sphincter of oddi remains closed and the bile accumulates in the gall bladder. • The fatty foods entry into duodenum stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of sphincter of oddi which causes the emptying of bile.

  17. Cystic artery, a branch of R. hepatic artery supplies the gall bladder

  18. Pancreas • Pancreas is an elongated gland that lies in the epigastrium and the left upper quadrant. • Pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine glandular function • Exocrine gland secretes pepsin and other enzymes which hydrolyzes proteins • Endocrine gland secretes insulin and glucagon which plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism.

  19. The hepatic duct joins with the bile duct and opens into the ampulla of vater. • The splenic and the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply the pancreas.

More Related