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Educational thinkers and philosophers

Educational thinkers and philosophers. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827).

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Educational thinkers and philosophers

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  1. Educational thinkers and philosophers

  2. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) I wish to wrest education from the outworn order of doddering old teaching hacks as well as from the new-fangled order of cheap, artificial teaching tricks, and entrust it to the eternal powers of nature herself…

  3. He tried to resolve the tension between education of the individual (freedom) and education of the citizen (social responsibility). • He emphasised spontaneity and self activity where children find answers for themselves (discovery learning). • A holistic approach to educate the whole child, ‘…to keep in equilibrium head, hands and heart.’

  4. Pestalozzi’s six principles… My six educational principles are… • Personality is sacred • Each child contains the promise of potential • Love the children • The doctrine of Anschauung • Active learning • Repetition of action following Anschauung.

  5. …from the known to the unknown …from the simple to the complex Anschauung… begin with direct observation …from the concrete to the abstract

  6. What a distressing contrast there is between the radiant intelligence of the child and the feeble mentality of the average adult. (Sigmund Freud 1856-1939)

  7. THE TEACHER AS A NECESSARY EVIL. Let us have as few people as possible between the productive minds and the hungry and recipient minds! The middlemen almost unconsciously adulterate the food which they supply. It is because of teachers that so little is learned, and that so badly. (FriedrichNietzsche, 1880)

  8. Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) • rooted in one’s immediate surroundings • connected to cultures of the wider world • pleasurable learning • individualised to the child’s personality • revolve organically around nature and be in the open and under the trees to appreciate the dynamic nature of plants and animals in relation to the seasons • flexible…schedules should allow for what happens naturally such as the weather • empathetic and have a sense of interconnectedness with the world Education should be…

  9. Maria Montesorri (1870-1952) The characteristics and principles of education are… • independence • freedom within limits • respect for the child’s natural psychological development • mixed age groups • learner choice • uninterrupted blocks of work time • discovery learning • specialist resources

  10. References Montesorri, M. (1916) The Montessoria Method New York: Schocken (1964 edn.) O’Connell, K.M. (2003) ‘Rabrindanath Tagore on Education’ the encyclopaedia Of informal education, http://www.infed.org/thinkers/tagore.htm Pestalozzi, J.H. (1894) How Gertrude Teaches her Children translated by Lucy E. Holland and Frances C. Turner London: Swann Sonnenschein Silber, K. (1965) Pestalozzi: The man and his work. 2e London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Smith, M. K. (2009) http://www.infed.org/thinkers.htm

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