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Terminology

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Terminology. Classification of HIV. 2 types of HIV: HIV – 1 (>99%) HIV - 2. Genetic forms of HIV - 1. some phylogenetic subgroups :

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Terminology

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  1. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Terminology

  2. Classification of HIV 2 types of HIV: HIV – 1 (>99%) HIV - 2

  3. Genetic forms of HIV - 1 somephylogeneticsubgroups: M (main) 9 subtypes (A – D, F – H, J i K) O (outlier) (rare) N (novel) (rare) P CRF (CirculatingRecombinantForms)

  4. Replication cycle of HIV - Viralgp 120 binds to CD4 receptor of a lymphocyte • Coreceptors for entry: CCR5 or CXCR4 arehelpful • Fusion of HIV withcellularmembrane of lymphocyteoccurs – virusentersthecell • Viral RNA isconverted (transcripted) into DNA by reversetranscriptase • HIV DNA (provirus) integrateswith DNA of a lymphocyte • RNA copies of a provirusaremade (mRNA) – transcription • mRNAistransported to thecytoplasm and makesthe host cellproduce long chains of viral protein (translation) • HIV core protein and genomic RNA gatherinsidethecell and immatureviralparticles form and bud offfromthecell • Chain of viral protein iscutintopieces by protease. Thatresultsin forming infectiousviralparticles.

  5. Targets of HIV Therapy Integrase Inhibitors Entry Inhibitors: Fusion, CD4, CCR5 CXCR4 Nucleus RNA Protease DNA Reverse transcriptase HIV CD4+ T-Cell Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: NRTI (nucleosides, nucleotides) NNRTI Protease inhibitors

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