Terminology

1. Terminology Latex water borne architectural coatings (acrylic & vinyl) Oil-based solvent-based architectural coatings (alkyd) Leftover paint refers both to post consumer paint and to mistints & other retailer returns Recycling consolidation (>95%) reprocessing (< 50-90%) reblending (<20 %)

2. PSI Process for Drafting the Technical Report & Action Plan • Process began in May, 2002 • Interviews with 37 stakeholders • Review draft Project Summary with goals and problem statement • Literature Review • Prepare draft and send to NPCA, NRF, Industry & Government stakeholders for review • Incorporate comments and prepare draft for all dialogue participants • Receive comments and finalize.

3. Volume & Cost Estimated 16 to 35 million gallons generated per year • Based on CA & WA state data • Represents 2.5 to 5.5% of US Architectural coating sales • Corresponds to BC Care 10 year data where leftover paint is 5% of BC sales Estimated government cost to manage leftover paint is $8/gal • Includes all aspects – collection, transport, recycling or disposal • Includes myriad ways – swaps, donations, recycle, solidify, etc. Total government cost if all leftover paint managed: $128 – 280 million per year.

4. Volume & Cost • Actual extent of HHW programs in US not characterized. • According to Waste Watch Center, in 1998, • 529 “programs” in 42 states • permanent collection programs defined as offering HHW collection opportunities on a average of once per month or more frequently

6. Management Methods

7. Paint Containers 90% of paint sold in steel cans • made of 30-35% recycled steel content • Significant post consumer recycling, 50% of programs PSI surveyed reported recycling steel paint cans 10% of paint solid in polypropylene plastic/hybrid cans • Can be made from 100% recycled plastic • Little known post-consumer recycling

8. PSI Issue Survey

9. Survey Response • Responses from 34 stakeholders • Ability to conduct initial prioritization of issues and potential solutions • 68 stakeholders interested in participating in today • 48 attending, 20 dialing in

10. Survey to Determine Key Issues • 10 issues provided on survey form • Opportunity to add other issues not already included • Respondents rank issues for the dialogue: “1” highest priority to “10” lowest priority

11. Response Points 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Etc. … Response Analysis - Issues Note: A response of “1” indicates an issue considered highest priority.

12. Survey Responses

13. Survey Results

14. Higher Priority Issues • Leftover Paint • Collection • Improper Disposal • Sustainable Financing • Non-paint uses • Sale of Paint with Recycled Content

15. Issue #1: Leftover Paint

16. Why is leftover paint generated? • Retained for touch up • Over purchase • Consumer purchases wrong colors • Retailer Mistints • Recalls • Improper storage • Projects don’t get finished • Contractor leaves with homeowner • Container size • Acquired when purchasing a new home or building • Natural disasters

17. Consumer Education Initiatives • NPCA 6 Point Program www.paint.org 1. Buy Only The Paint You Need 2. Store Paint So it Lasts for Years 3. Use Up All Your Paint 4. Recycle the Empty Paint Can 5. Donate or Exchange Your Paint 6. As a Last Resort...Dispose of Paint Properly • Manufacturers • Coverage information on cans, website paint calculators and tips on storage, using it up and disposal www.benjaminmoore.com or www.sherminwilliams.com

18. Consumer Education Initiatives • Government Initiatives • Websites & printed material on purchase, storage, recycling and disposal Eugene, OR Program • Distributed paint sticks @ large retailers, manufacturer-owned stores, and independent hardware stores and home centers “Keep Stormwater Clean — Manage Paint Waste Wisely”;program included posters and brochures as well as Print & radio advertising.

19. Other Initiatives • Rent-a-gallon (quart) or small containers (4 oz.) for paint testing

20. Strategies (From Action Plan) • Employ innovative strategies to reduce over purchasing • Rent-a-gallon • 4 oz. samples • Expand point of purchase education programs • Expand programs aimed at purchasing, storing, using up, donating & giving away paint • Research effective education programs • Little known about how programs change behaviors • Container size & cost structure • Other container sizes to reduce the need to overbuy

21. Issue #3: Collection

22. Collecting Post Consumer Leftover Paint • Types of collection facilities • Permanent Facilities • One-day events • Mobile Collection Centers • According to WasteWatch Center, in 1998, • 529 “programs” in 42 states • permanent collection programs defined as offering HHW collection opportunities on a average of once per month or more frequently

24. Cabarrus County, NC HHW & Recycling Facility HHW materials plus electronics and white goods

25. HHW Facility: Chittenden, VT Solid Waste District

26. Swap event in South Eastern Ohio

27. Sorting in Totes: CFLP Solid Waste District, OH

28. Lining up: King County, WA Collection Event

29. Unopened boxes of paint Sioux City, IA Collection Event

30. Leftover paint @ one-day event in Illinois

31. Quart cans collected @ event in Cowlitz County, WA

32. Drying out latex paint to be land filled in Centerville, IA

33. One-day event in San Francisco, CA

34. Mobile Collection Truck: Chittenden, VT SWD

35. Reuse Room – Chittenden, VT Solid Waste District

36. Can crusher in Cowlitz County, WA

37. Paint Swap in North Carolina

38. Consolidated Recycled Paint – Chittenden, VT SWD

39. Types of Activities • Sorting • Latex, oil or other product • Good or poor condition • Swap • Consolidation (after collection) • Packing in Totes • Drumming/lab packing

40. Post Consumer Collection Costs • Roughly $4/gal • Total program costs range from $6 to $10 per gal. • Collection comprises 27% to 67% of the total post consumer leftover paint management costs (PSI) • running the site or event • handling the leftover paint • performing administrative duties • Economies of scale (set up fees, etc.)

41. Regulatory Collection Issues Federal Level - HHW • HHW (paint) exempt from HW management requirements, includes oil & latex, gov’t or private operations • CEQSG waste collected at HHW events also exempt, even if the mixed CESQG and household hazardous wastes were to exhibit a characteristic of a hazardous waste BUT • HHW loses its exemption if you mix it with a HW and the resultant mixture exhibits a characteristic of a hazardous waste!

42. State Regulatory Collection Issues • Some states regulate HHW more stringently than the feds • California: Latex & oil paint wastes are listed as "presumptive" hazardous wastes • Massachusetts: once collected, paint must be managed as a federally regulated hazardous waste requiring a manifest and generator number • Most do not • FL, OR, WA, etc.

43. Oil – HW due to characteristic (ignitability) Latex – not a HW (passes TCLP) But exemptions are possible (i) Used or reused as ingredients in an industrial process to make a product, provided the materials are not being reclaimed; or (ii) Used or reused as effective substitutes for commercial products; or (iii) Returned to the original process from which they are generated, without first being reclaimed. The material must be returned as a substitute for raw material feedstock, and the process must use raw materials as principal feedstocks. Business Leftover Paint

44. Collection @ Retailers • Mostly limited to mistints & customer returns • Waste Management Options • Discounts • Waste • Supplier returns • 3rd party recyclers • Donations • Post Consumer Leftover Paint Issues • space, staff training, safety for managing hazardous materials, liability, and increased cost • But some retailers do participate • Illinois Partners for Waste Paint Solutions • Metro, OR

45. Collection Strategies 1. Share municipal collection cost information. Understand cost tradeoffs of permanent collection vs. one-day events vs. mobile operations 2. Develop cooperative purchasing contracts. 3. Reduce regulatory barriers to paint collection. Review barriers to retail collection; look at state regulatory barriers, especially in MA & CA (others?) 4. Encourage retailer participation. Use return to vendor logistics, partner with manufactures, recyclers, government • Develop statewidecollection contracts. Develop a statewide contracts for leftover paint collection and recycling services. • Promote Reuse. Swaps, Donations & Exchanges • Develop regional consolidation sites. Greater volumes reduce transportation costs.

46. Issue #3: Improper Disposal

47. Disposal • Oil based paint hazards well accepted: • ignitable, contains hazardous solvents • All actors encourage consumers to use it up or manage via a HWW program • Latex paint far less hazardous • Aquatic toxicity main issue • Liquids in landfills banned in many jurisdictions (e.g., MN, NC, counties in WA) • Hazardous waste in CA • Some haulers refuse to take liquids

48. Drying Up Latex • Drying up latex • Paint hardening catalysts & kitty litter • Seen as difficult for some consumers (e.g., differentiate between oil & latex, protection) • Seen as a waste of a resource • Production impacts of key raw materials (TiO2) • Encouraged by some communities/states with no other options • Some with success (MD) but others with failure (WA) • Catalysts make recycling of container difficult

49. Latex Paint Disposal • It is a legal disposal method • It is a last resort • Mfr: After reuse, donation, exchange • Gov’t: After reuse, recycling • Is consumer disposal a simple process? • Mfr: yes • Gov’t: no

50. Consumer Education on Improper Disposal • Websites • Container labeling (e.g. Earth 911 on Behr and Glidden)