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Operating a Wind Farm in the Future Smart Grid: Lessons from developing and deploying a Smart Grid on Shetland

Operating a Wind Farm in the Future Smart Grid: Lessons from developing and deploying a Smart Grid on Shetland. Presented by: Mr. Simon Gill (University of Strathclyde) Contributing Authors: Prof. Graham Ault, Dr Ivana Kockar (University of Strathclyde)

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Operating a Wind Farm in the Future Smart Grid: Lessons from developing and deploying a Smart Grid on Shetland

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  1. Operating a Wind Farm in the Future Smart Grid: Lessons from developing and deploying a Smart Grid on Shetland Presented by: Mr. Simon Gill (University of Strathclyde) Contributing Authors: Prof. Graham Ault, Dr Ivana Kockar (University of Strathclyde) Dr. Colin Foote (Smarter Grid Solutions) Mr. Stewart Reid (Scottish and Southern Energy Power Distribution)

  2. Introduction Active Network Management and the Smart Grid • Shetland smart grid • - ANM on an islanded system • Managing wind with energy storage and flexible demand • Enhanced wind turbine requirements for Shetland • Lessons Learned • The Orkney Smart Grid • - Description of an existing ANM scheme • Communication infrastructure • Contractual infrastructure • Lessons Learned Rolling out ANM

  3. Active Network Management Centralised Control SCADA Active Network Management Protection, Automation, Control Distributed Control ms s min ANM: close to real time monitoring and control of distribution networks and distributed generation

  4. Orkney Smart Grid Population: ~ 20,000 Electrical demand: 6 – 31 MW Existing renewable generation: 26MW Electrical connection: 2 x 20MW undersea cables

  5. Orkney Smart Grid Intratrip controlled Non Firm Wind: 20MW New Non Firm Wind: 18.5MW Firm Wind: 26MW 2 x 20 MW undersea Cables Demand Min: 6MW

  6. Orkney Communications Diagram courtesy of Smarter Grid Solutions

  7. Orkney - Outcomes • New Non Firm Capacity Installed so far: 18.5MW • Cost of project ~ £0.5M • (Projected cost of network reinforcement ~£30M) • Advantages to Wind Generators: Significantly quicker connections and certainty of when connections available • Lessons Learned: Communications reliability is paramount!

  8. NINES – Shetland ANM Population: ~ 22,000 Electrical demand: 12 – 45 MW Existing renewable generation: 3.6MW Electrical network: Islanded Northern Isles New Energy Solutions

  9. NINES – Shetland ANM Non-Firm Wind Objectives: Maximise renewable generation Define network stability Smooth conventional generation Frequency responsive components Battery energy storage Domestic demand side management Frequency Responsive Large scale demand management

  10. Stability and Scheduling

  11. Forecasting • How do you use forecasts? • uncertainty • Real time-monitoring and control • rescheduling decisions • Identify potentially problematic forecasts (e.g. Wind speeds near wind turbine cut outs) Wind Forecast Scheduling Engine Fixed Demand Forecast Flexible Demand Forecast

  12. NINES for Developers • Last In First Out (LIFO) • Principle – of – access • Advantages: • Bankable • Easy to understand • New connections don’t affect your expected curtailment • Dis-advantages: • All capacity to a few generators • Does not maximise viable capacity Example of Curtailment Connecting together with demand - ‘Private’ flexible demand → reduce curtailment - NINES example: electric boiler for district heating

  13. NINES: Connection Process Initial expression of interest Formal Connection Request: Requires Planning permission Defines position in LIFO queue Initial feasibility study provided Formal Connection Offer: Includes revised constraint analysis Generation must go live within 2 year period Generator to comply with ANM control signals • Feasibility Study includes: • The connection process • Communication requirements • ANM equipment requirements • Details of connections and costs • Fault ride through, protection and additional technical requirements • Constraint analysis estimate Accept connection offer: Developer signs agreement and pays full connection charge

  14. Rolling out ANM • Key Lessons • The future ANM can be quicker, many times cheaper and make more efficient use of capacity ANM moving towards ‘business as usual’on rural distribution networks in Scotland Communications reliabilityis vital Effective use of forecasts for demand and weather important Wind farm projects in ANM schemes are bankable under well defined principles of access Wind generation can provide ancillary servicewhen communications in place Direct linkage with demand will reduce curtailment ANM to control a range of devices (Generators, Demand, Prosumers) Wind turbines will be asked to provide additional distribution services

  15. Questions? Orkney smart grid: http://www.ssepd.co.uk/OrkneySmartGrid/ Smarter Grid Solutions: http://www.smartergridsolutions.com/ Email: simon.gill@strath.ac.uk

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