Unit 3 Global Interactions

1. Unit 3 Global Interactions Section 1 Early Japan and Feudalism

2. Geography • Archipelago • Impact on Japanese life: • Mountainous – terrace farming • Fishing industry • Lived in river valleys • Isolated and protected

3. Religion Shintoism – respect and honor nature Also Zen Buddhism and Confucianism Influenced by China and Korea

4. Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasants and Artisans Merchants Japanese Feudalism

5. Tokugawa Shogunate • Centralized gov’t • Economic prosperity – ^food production, trade • Culture traits – Zen gardens and tea ceremonies and haiku

6. Sec. 2 Mongols and Their Impact • Mongols – nomads of Central Asia • Location – grasslands of Central Asia • Date:1200

7. Genghis Khan – 1,100’s ruled empire; great conquerors b/c skilled horsemen, bowmen and advanced weapon technology • Grandsons • Batu and the Golden Horde – conquered pts of Russia • Kubla Khan – conquered parts of China – Yuan Dynasty • Pax Mongolia – time of peace in empire • Impact on Russia – absolutism and isolation - prevented Russia from progressing

8. Sec. 3 Global Trade/Interactions • Expansion of Chinese Trade • Han Dynasty – Silk Road – China to Russia and Asia Minor • Zeng He of Ming Dynasty • Goals: promote Chinese trade and collect tribute from less powerful lands • Traveled: SE Asia, around coast of India and Arabian Peninsula to port cities of East Africa • Canton – an important center for global trade

9. Major Trade Routes • Across Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea – Asia and East Africa • Land routes linked Asia, Middle East, North Africa, and Europe; China and the Silk Road through Russia and Constantinople • Mediterranean Sea – Middle East to Europe

10. Resurgence of European Trade • - impact of Crusades: cultural diffusion between Europe and East • Rise of Italian city states – Venice, Genoa, Florence • Trade fairs and growth of cities • Hanseatic League – union of traders and merchants in Germany: • Portugal established posts in Africa, India, Japan and China – spice trade

11. The Plague – Black Death (mid 1300’s) • Began in China and spread through mid East, Africa and Europe • Results: • 1.↓ in population • 2. economic decline • 3. break down of social classes and feudalism

12. Resurgence of Europe 1,000-1300 • Commercial Revolution – business revolution in Europe after the Middle Ages • Rise of middle class • ↑in trade, ↑ in towns/cities, • Development of guilds led to • 1.↑ quality of goods • 2. provided social services for members (hospitals and aid to widows) • 3. regulated hours and wages • 4. masters and apprentices

13. Commercial Revolution 1300-1700 • ↑ capitalism • New business practices 1.partnership and joint stock companies 2.rise in banking 3.insurance

14. Renaissance 1300-1500 rebirth in learning • Humanism – focus on the individual

15. Important People of Renaissance • DaVinci - Painter, sculptor, inventor, Mona Lisa • Michelangelo – Sculptor, Sistine Chapel, Statue of David • Dante Author – Divine Comedy • Shakespeare Comedies and tragedies • Machiavelli -Author of The Prince (how to gain and maintain power)

16. Invention of printing press – 1400 1.↑books 2. ↑literacy 3. →cultural diffusion

17. Reformation and Counter Reformation Protestant Reformation 1500’s Causes: 1.Renaissance 2.strong monarchs 3.problems w/ church (corruption in church, taxes, selling indulgences) Leaders: Martin Luther and 95 Theses John Calvin – Calvinism Henry VIII- Anglican Church

18. Effects of Reformation • division in church – Protestant churches 2. rise of anti-semitism 3. witch-hunt

19. Counter Reformation Reforms in the Catholic Church Pope Paul III - reform Catholic Church Council of Trent 1545 reaffirmed beliefs end abuses set up schools for clergy

20. Rise of Nation States • End of feudal era and beginning of European boundaries. England and France • Common Law – law that is the same for all people • Magna Carta – 1215 – limited powers of king • Parliament becomes representative assembly • Anglican Church becomes official church of England under Henry the VIII (1588)

21. African Civilizations • Ghana • Gold/salt trade West African states • Strong Military – expanded empire • Muslim influence in gov’t, and culture • Mali - Mansa Musa - Gold Trade - Muslim influence –laws based on Quran - University at Timbuktu

22. Songhai • West Africa • Expanded trade route to Europe and Asia • Muslim Influence • Axum • Linked Africa to India and Mediterranean world • Jewish and Christian influence • Contributions: Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry Literature – histories and folk tales in oral tradition and written form Education – university of Timbuktu becomes great center for learning

23. Contributions: Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry Literature – histories and folk tales in oral tradition and written form Education – university of Timbuktu becomes great center for learning