Midterm Exam Review Game UNIT I: Enhancing and Evolving to “Perfection”?

1. Midterm Exam Review GameUNIT I: Enhancing and Evolving to “Perfection”?

2. Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works?   A) species change over time   B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms   C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification"   D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual’s life   E) new species arise by natural selection

3. Which one of the following was not a main idea that Darwin advanced in his works?   A) species change over time   B) living species have arisen from earlier life forms   C) modern species arose through a process known as "descent with modification"   D) new species can form by inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual’s life E) new species arise by natural selection

4. _____ and _____ generate variation, while ______ results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination

5. _____ and _____ generate variation, while ______ results in adaptation to the environment A) genetic drift natural selection mutation B) mutation sexual reproduction natural selection C) sexual reproduction natural selection mutation D) natural selection mutation sexual recombination

6. Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? • homologous • analogous • vestigial • embryonic

7. Which term describes structures similar in purpose but not inherited from a common ancestor? • homologous • analogous • vestigial • embryonic

8. As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction

9. As a result of sexual reproduction, the rate of evolutionary change in the plant and animal kingdoms has been greatly speeded up because A) characteristic change less frequent than in asexual reproduction B) two parents have fewer offspring than one parent C) the offspring show more diversity than in asexual reproduction D) environmental changes never affect organisms produced by asexual reproduction

10. The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of _____ • Biogenesis • Fossil record • Homologous structures • Vestigial Structures

11. The hip bone of a python and the human tail bone are each examples of _____ • Biogenesis • Fossil record • Homologous structures • Vestigial Structures

12. The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are • divergent structures • vestigial structures • homologous structures • analogous structures

13. The human arm, the whale fin, and the bat wing are similar structures that result from evolution from a common ancestor. They are • divergent structures • vestigial structures • homologous structures • analogous structures

14. A similarity in DNA sequence between two species • does not indicate a relationship • is a genetic coincidence • is impossible • suggests a close relationship

15. A similarity in DNA sequence between two species • does not indicate a relationship • is a genetic coincidence • is impossible • suggests a close relationship

16. If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely • acquire them through evolution • become extinct • evolve into a lower form • evolve into a higher form

17. If a species lacks the variations needed to survive in a changing environment, it will most likely • acquire them through evolution • become extinct • evolve into a lower form • evolve into a higher form

18. An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is • a mutation • not possible in nature • a genotype • an adaptation

19. An inherited trait that increases chances of survival and reproduction is • a mutation • not possible in nature • a genotype • an adaptation

20. In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to • generate variation within the species • prevent the occurrence of mutations • act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species • provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species

21. In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to • generate variation within the species • prevent the occurrence of mutations • act as a selective pressure on variations that exist within the species • provide favorable conditions for the survival of the species

22. Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct

23. Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? A) homologous structures B) the presence of similar genes C) the presence of vestigial tail bones even in vertebrate species that do not have a functional tail D) All of the choices are correct

24. According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? • Species 1 • Species 2 • Species 3 • Species 4 • Species 5 • Species 6

25. According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of lungfishes and amphibians? • Species 1 • Species 2 • Species 3 • Species 4 • Species 5 • Species 6

26. According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? • Species 1 • Species 2 • Species 3 • Species 4 • Species 5 • Species 6

27. According to this evolutionary tree, which species is the common ancestor of tetrapods and amniotes? • Species 1 • Species 2 • Species 3 • Species 4 • Species 5 • Species 6

28. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of • darker tree trunks • darker moths • lighter tree trunks • lighter moths

29. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of • darker tree trunks • darker moths • lighter tree trunks • lighter moths

30. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds  

31. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because a. they were covered with soot b. birds were more likely to find and eat dark moths c. birds were more likely to find and eat light moths d. the adults changed color to escape the birds  

32. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of • an environmental pressure • a variation • an adaptation • co-evolution

33. In England before 1850 (pre-Industrial Revolution), tree trunks were light-colored and pepperedmoths could be either light or dark colored. After 1850, pollution was the immediate cause of darker tree trunks. The moth population became darker because birds were more likely to find and eat light moths. Birds in this case are examples of • an environmental pressure • a variation • an adaptation • co-evolution

34. More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have • a common ancestor. • identical fossils • similar appearances • the exact same DNA sequences.

35. More than 1.5 million species of animals have been described, yet all of them have DNA that is made of the same building blocks. This is evidence that all animals have • a common ancestor. • identical fossils • similar appearances • the exact same DNA sequences.

36. Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below.   Honey bee: G A T T C A G T C A Bumble bee: G A T T C A G T C G Carpenter bee: G T TT C A T T C A Leafcutter bee: C A T T G A C T C A Mason bee: C T A A G G C T A A Digger bee: G T TT G G C C A A Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are

37. Use the following DNA sequences to answer the question below.   Honey bee: G A T T C A G T C A Bumble bee: G A T T C A G T C G Carpenter bee: G T TT C A T T C A Leafcutter bee: C A T T G A C T C A Mason bee: C T A A G G C T A A Digger bee: G T TT G G C C A A Which of the following is a valid conclusion based up on the data above? a) Honey bees are more closely related to bumble bees than they are to leafcutter bees b) Mason bees are the honey bees closest "relatives" c) Carpenter bees are the bees least closely related to honey bees d) Mason bees are more closely related to honey bees than carpenter bees are

38. Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure?

39. Refer to the diagram below. With one exception, all of these structures are homologous. Which of these structures represents an analogous structure?

40. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.

41. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. The few eggs surviving in culture medium Y probably A) inherited an acquired characteristic. B) became resistant by the law of use. C) acquired a gene for resistance after DDT was added. D) had a variation for resistance to DDT.

42. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic

43. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. Addition of the DDT is a(n) A) change in the environment B) variation C) stablilizing factor D) acquired characteristic

44. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate

45. Fertilized mosquito eggs can live in culture medium X. Culture medium Y is the same as X except DDT has been added to it. (DDT was an insecticide that is now banned) In culture medium Y, only a few eggs survive after 24 hours. (The black eggs are dead.) Culture medium Z is the same as culture medium Y, except no eggs have been added. If eggs from the mosquitoes that developed from surviving culture Y were placed in culture Z, they would probably A) die B) survive and reproduce C)change form D) mutate

46. Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off.

47. Your roommate was given an antibiotic for strep throat. After three days she is feeling fine and asks you if she should stop taking the antibiotic and save the pills for the next time she has a sore throat. Your best response would be: A. Yes, quit taking them, because the role of antibiotics is to give the body's immune system enough time to fight off the infection, so she doesn't need the pills after she feels better. B. No, she must finish her course of treatment because repeated exposure to antibiotics may result in drug resistant strains. C. Yes, the antibiotics were very potent and able to kill off the infection more quickly than anticipated. D. No, the infection is really not under control yet to the point that her immune system can finish fighting it off.

48. Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is passed through ___________. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact

49. Tuberculosis is a _______ infection that is passed through ___________. A. viral, direct contact B. viral, animal bites C. bacterial, food D. bacterial, indirect contact

50. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells possess A. Cell walls B. Cytoplasm C. A nucleus D. Ribosomes