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Exploring the Rich History of Ancient Egypt

Discover the wonders of Egypt – from the Nile River and pharaohs to pyramids and daily life. Learn about the Kingdoms of Egypt, religious beliefs, social classes, and more. Uncover the significance of the Rosetta Stone and its role in decoding hieroglyphics. Explore how Egypt influenced modern societies.

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Exploring the Rich History of Ancient Egypt

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  1. Egypt

  2. Preview & Processing • What do you think of when you think of Egypt? • What river runs through Egypt? • What is considered the gift of the Nile? • Who was Herodotus? • Can you name at least one Egyptian ruler?

  3. Facts about the Nile • 4100 miles long • Flooding predictable: June=flood Oct.=rich soil • Herodotus called the silt the “Gift of the Nile” • Worshipped as a god

  4. Pop. Lived close to Nile bec. deserts on both sides of the territory • Libyan (Sahara) and Arabian • Helped to keep invaders out • Farming villages: nomes wh = agric. district w/ own gov’t • N. & S. Egypt w/ separate rulers

  5. Egypt United • 3200 BCE there were 2 Egypt's w/ 2 kings; upper and lower • 3100 BCE Menes/Namar = upper Egypt • Capt. @ Memphis • Egyptian dynasties are born • What colors and symbols did Menes place on his newly unified crown?

  6. The Kingdoms of Egypt • Old, Middle, New • Old Kingdom (2660-2180BCE) • Pyramids • Lgest. In Giza: 481 ft tall and covers 13 acres • Khufu • Built by peasants and slaves • 60 still standing

  7. Pharaohs=gods • Immortal • Ka: rule from grave wh/ = need for pyramid • 1st illness = Pharaoh's power doubted

  8. Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 BCE) • Capt. Moved from Memphis to Thebes • Phar. Concerned w/ common people • Dug canals for trade • Channeled Nile for irigation • Drained swamps for farm land • Everyone w/ afterlife (no longer just for Pharaohs)

  9. 2nd illness • 70 yrs of civil War • Invaders came to Egypt • Hyksos “rulers of the uplands” • Make bronze • Wage war from horse drawn chariots • New kind of bow • New technique of spinning & weaving

  10. Hyksos defeated by Pharaoh Kamose • New Kingdom (1570-1075 BCE) • Wealth & power • Pharaohs buried beneath desert cliffs • Tutankhamen • Queen Hapshepsut (1478 BCE) • Ramses II (1279-1212 BCE) • 99:150 • Temples w/ own likeness

  11. Ramses II

  12. Need to build empire • Battle of Kadesh • Hittites • “brothers forever” official tie • Ended E’s dominate power • Over time E. would be controlled by the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans

  13. Daily life in Egypt • Social Classes • Nobles:gov. generals, tax collectors, priest, etc. • Women: property trade marriage, divorce • Homes: gardens, wading pools

  14. Peasants • Wall painting in tombs • Hard work on “borrowed land,” high taxes • Tombs, dams, canals • Social mobility • Pharoah’s service (i.e. army) • Read & write • Men & women

  15. Slaves • Homes or gold mines Religion • Maat: live a good life; in search of truth & justice • Osiris (god of the dead) • Weigh heart • Devourer of the Souls • After life: nothing changed

  16. Priest • Magical charms, chants: Book of the Dead • More power, slaves & land than pharaohs • Akhenaton = Aton only = monotheism • Tutankhamun = Amun (Amon) & return to polytheism

  17. Education • Arithmetic, geometry, surveying • Calendar: Sirius: 365 days, 12 mos. of 30 days + 5 for holydays & festivals • Medicine: heartbeat, broken bones

  18. One of the ways we learned about the Egyptians • Writing: hieroglyphics “sacred carvings” • 1799 Rosetta Stone • Found by French soldiers who were rebuilding Egypt • 3 scripts being used in Egypt @ the time

  19. Written in 196 BCE • Found in the town of Rosetta • Written by priest o honor the pharaoh • Deciphered by Champollion in 1822 • Papyrus: reed = paper

  20. 1sthieroglyphics=religious or important writings • 2nddemotic=common • 3rdGreek wh/ = occupying power @ the time.

  21. The Rosetta Stone

  22. Making the Connection Ticket out the Door : • Why is the Rosetta Stone so important to unlocking the mysteries of ancient Egypt? • How did Egypt influence modern societies?

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