Truck Transportation Merit Badge

1. Truck Transportation Merit Badge Boy Scouts of America

2. Requirement 1 List the major truck lines serving your town.

3. Here are just a few: • A. Duie Pyle • ABF • Fedex • UPS • J.B. Hunt Transport Services • Ryder • Silvi Cement • Schneider National • Werner What company is serving your area?

4. Requirement 2a Describe the role of truck transportation within commerce (the movement of goods, funds, and information).

5. Trucks play a major role in today’s world economy. They provide a smooth flow of goods through the global supply chain. • Just think for a minute about how trucks fit into U.S. commerce? • Trucks pick up raw materials at one company and deliver them to another, where they are used to make a product. That product may then be shipped by truck to a warehouse, where it is stored. The product may be shipped again by truck to a retailer, where it is sold to a consumer.

7. Requirement 2b Describe how trucks fit into a company’s supply chain. This could be a manufacturer, importer, wholesale, or retailer.

8. Supply Chain

9. Requirement 2c On paper, map out how goods that are manufactured overseas are transported to a retailer in this country.

11. Requirement 3 Describe the difference between gasoline engine and the diesel engine that power trucks. List the advantages of each.

12. Diesel and Gasoline Engines: Both have internal combustion engines, which means the power they produce is a result of explosions occurring within cylinders inside the engine block. Both use a mixture of air and fuel as part of the process of creating an explosion. Both have pistons and valves.

13. What’s the difference? • There are some differences between the diesel and gasoline engine, primarily in the way the fuel and air mixture is ignited. • Gasoline engines use a device called a spark plug to ignite the fuel-air mixture; diesel engines rely on heat made of air compression. • Diesel engine parts are exposed to higher temperatures and compression pressure than are gasoline engines. Therefore, diesel engine parts are more durable.

14. What’s the difference? • Diesel engines have some advantages over gasoline engines. • more power • operate more efficiently • Last longer and are more reliable • Require less service • Here are the advantages of gasoline engines over diesel engines. • Cost less to produce • More local service locations

15. Requirement 4a-e Visit a truck terminal and complete 4a through 4e. After your visit share, what you have learned with your counselor.

16. Requirement 4a Find out what kind of maintenance program the company follows to help keep its fleet, drivers, and the roadway safe.

17. Maintenance examples: • Change the engine oil and oil filters • Check and adjust tire pressure • Tune the engine • Change the brakes • Rebuild the transmission • Service the cooling and heating systems • Keeping a truck clean helps prolong the life of the truck and ensure the company maintains a “clean” image. • Additional training for drivers and employees

18. Requirement 4b Find out how dispatchers maintain communication with drivers on the road.

19. Two-way radio • Mobile phone • Global positioning satellite (GPS tracking systems)

20. Requirement 4c Talk with a professional truck driver about safety. Learn about the truck driver’s rules of the road for safe driving. List five safe-driving rules every professional truck driver must follow.

21. Safe-driver practices: • Watch for dangers by scanning ahead, to the sides and to the rear of the truck • Make sure other drivers understand your intention, whether it is to change lanes, slow down, or stop • Understand the condition of the road and drive as slowly as is necessary • Buckle up; always wear your safety belt • Never exceed the speed limit • Keep a safe distance behind the vehicle in front of you • For better visibility by other motorists, use running lights when driving in daylight

22. Requirement 4d Review the driver’s log and find out what kind of information the log contains.

23. Driver’s name • Date • Number of miles driven • Hours driving

24. Requirement 4e Learn about important federal regulations that help ensure public safety.

25. Hours-of-service rules: • A driver may not operate a truck for more than 11 hours a day • A driver can take an on additional responsibilities like loading and unloading but may not work more than 14 hours straight in a day • A driver must be off for 10 hours straight every day • Drivers cannot drive more than 60 hours in a seven-day period • Drivers must complete a driver’s log for every day worked

26. Requirement 5a-b a. Outline the general organization of a trucking company. Describe what each department does. b. List five positions with trucking companies and describe each one.

27. Terminal Manager • Sales/Marketing Manager • Sales – represents company, communication with customers, sells services and product • Marketing – develop new services, pricing the company’s services, and advertising • Operations • Dispatch – communication of delivery • Drivers – pick up and delivery of service • Safety – of trucks, equipment, employees, freight • Maintenance – equipment, trucks, building • Dock Supervisors – loading, unloading, shipping • Office Manager • Accounting – financial records, bills, payroll • Human Resources – hiring, training, benefits

28. Requirement 6 Name five government agencies that work closely with the trucking industry. Describe their role.

29. Department of Transportation – is responsible for making national transportation policy and promoting inter-modal transportation. Specific agencies that directly affect trucking fall under the DOT’s control. • Federal Highway Administration – is responsible for the improvement and safety of the nation’s highways. • Research and Special Programs Administration – governs the safe transportation and packaging of hazardous materials by all modes of transportation.

30. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration – is to help prevent commercial motor vehicle-related deaths and injuries by enforcing safety regulations, improving trucking equipment, and increasing safety awareness. • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration– is responsible for finding ways to reduce deaths, injuries, and economic losses resulting from motor vehicle crashes. The NHTSA sets and enforces safety performance standards for motor vehicles and equipment such as truck trailers.

31. Requirement 7 List five different kinds of trucks. Tell the service each provides.

32. The tractor-trailer is the typical “big rig” used to transport most of the nation’s freight. These are a common sight on streets and highways. • Delivery vans are used by companies to deliver smaller items to businesses and homes. They are easier to drive and more economical to operate than the bigger trucks.

33. Tanker trucks are used to haul large amounts of liquid products, from milk and corn syrup to chemicals, gasoline, and heating oil. • Garbage trucks pick up and remove trash from neighborhood homes and businesses. The trash is dumped into the garbage truck, then the full truck is taken to a garbage collection point or recycling center for emptying.

34. The flatbed truck typically is used to haul very large items that will not fit in a closed truck or that cannot easily be unloaded from the back of a truck trailer. • Cement mixers mix cement powder with water in a rotating barrel and haul the cement mixture to a construction site.

35. Requirement 8a-d Assume that you are going to ship by truck 500 pounds of goods (freight class 65) from your town to another town 500 miles away. Your shipment must arrive within three days. Explain in writing….

36. Requirement 8a-d How to prepare the shipment How to compare at least 3 carriers for time in transit & rates How to choose which carrier to use How to insure the shipment for damages

37. Items need to be packaged so they arrive intact. Some items may be fragile or require special packaging or handling. Everything does not get packaged the same way. A computer monitor needs to be packaged differently from a tent.

38. Not all trucking companies charge the same price nor offer the same services. Be sure to choose one that is reliable, reputable, and can deliver your shipment on time. • Check with local yellow pages or search the Internet (with parent’s permission). • Provide Information that includes the following: • Explain what you are shipping • Tell how much it weighs • Tell where it is going • Ask when it will be available for pickup • Say when it needs to be delivered

39. After you have found several reliable reputable carriers , check to see if they meet your requirements: • Make sure your choice is based on whether your shipment can be picked up and delivered on time. • If all three trucking companies can perform the delivery when it is needed, choose the least expensive one.

40. No one wants a shipment to get lost or damaged while it is in transit, but that sometime happens. All reputable carries have insurance to protect the value of freight if it is lost or damaged. However, the lever of protection offered varies from carrier to carrier. • Check with the carrier on the limitations of the coverage offered. • If the value of your shipment exceeds the basic coverage offered, you should tell the carrier what the value is and advise the carrier that you want to buy extra insurance.

41. Requirement 9 Define the following terms: bill of lading, ETA, logbook, intermodal, containers, tariff, shippers, carrier, consignee, drayage, cartage.

42. Just for fun…take a guess? Word Bank: bill of lading, ETA, logbook, intermodal, containers • _____ a steel box for freight transportation • _____ record book maintained by driver • _____ moving freight in containers via rail • _____ a shipping document • _____ estimated time of arrival

43. Bill of lading – a shipping document that lists the goods in the shipment ETA – estimated time of arrival Logbook – the book maintained by a truck driver showing the hours driven and the places the driver has been Intermodal – the practice of moving freight stowed in the truck trailers or ocean containers via rail. This is also known as piggyback service, trailer-on-flat-car (TOFC), or container-on-flat-car (COFC). Container – a steel box, normally 20 to 40 feet long, used primarily in ocean freight transportation. Freight is stored inside the container, which is weather tight.

44. Just for fun…take a guess? Word Bank: tariff, shippers, carrier, consignee, drayage, cartage • _____ company receiving shipment • _____ moving freight to or from airport/seaport • _____ prices to ship freight • _____ transporting goods over short distance • _____ a trucking company • _____ company gives freight to trucker for transport

45. Tariff – a schedule of prices for transporting freight Shippers – the company that gives freight to a trucker for transportation Carrier – a trucking company Consignee – the company receiving a shipment Drayage – the transport of goods over a short distance Cartage – the action of moving freight to and from an airport or seaport

46. Requirement 10 Learn about opportunities in the field of truck transportation. Choose one career in which you are interested and discuss with your counselor the major responsibilities of that position and the qualifications, education, and training such a position requires.

47. …a few example careers in Truck Transportation: • Truck Driver – responsible for truck and cargo, deliveries on time, road safety, be able to navigate long or short routes, at least 21 years old, Commercial Driver’s License, Safe Driving Record and pass a special test. • Sales Representative – maintain records, accounts, communication and people skills, job knowledge and product knowledge. • Dispatcher – Coordinate carrier’s trucks with customer’s freight, navigate and communicate schedules and routes, skills with use of two-way radio, mobile phones, computers, GPS

48. Requirement Overview Truck Transportation Merit Badge ___ 1 Major truck lines ___ 2 Describe role, supply chain and map out goods transported ___ 3 Gasoline vs. Diesel engines ___ 4 VISIT Truck Terminal, find out information on communication, logs, regulations ___ 5 Organization ___ 6 Government agencies ___ 7 Various Trucks ___ 8 Shipping, in writing …“How To?” ___ 9 Trucking definitions. ___ 10 Career Opportunities.

49. Reference: Truck Transportation Merit Badge Series, Boy Scouts of America, 2013 Don’t forget: