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Fig. 9-2. Light energy. ECOSYSTEM. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Organic molecules. CO 2 + H 2 O. + O 2. Cellular respiration in mitochondria. ATP. ATP powers most cellular work. Heat energy. Fig. 9-19. Glucose. Glycolysis. CYTOSOL. Pyruvate. O 2 present:
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Fig. 9-2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Organic molecules CO2 + H2O + O2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy
Fig. 9-19 Glucose Glycolysis CYTOSOL Pyruvate O2 present: Aerobic cellular respiration No O2 present: Fermentation MITOCHONDRION Acetyl CoA Ethanol or lactate Citric acid cycle
Fig. 9-10 CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH + H+ 2 1 3 Acetyl CoA Coenzyme A Pyruvate CO2 Transport protein
Fig. 9-6-3 Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Electrons carried via NADH Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Pyruvate Glucose Mitochondrion Cytosol ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation
Fig. 9-11 Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ CoA NADH + H+ Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle 2 CO2 FADH2 3 NAD+ NADH 3 FAD + 3 H+ ADP + P i ATP
Fig. 9-12-8 Acetyl CoA CoA—SH NADH H2O 1 +H+ NAD+ Oxaloacetate 8 2 Malate Citrate Isocitrate NAD+ Citric acid cycle NADH 3 + H+ 7 H2O CO2 Fumarate CoA—SH -Keto- glutarate 4 6 CoA—SH 5 FADH2 CO2 NAD+ FAD Succinate NADH P i + H+ Succinyl CoA GDP GTP ADP ATP
CoA—SH NADH 1 +H+ NAD+ 8 Malate Citric acid cycle 3 7 H2O CO2 Fumarate CoA—SH -Keto- glutarate 4 6 CoA—SH 5 FADH2 CO2 NAD+ FAD CO2 Succinate NADH P i + H+ Succinyl CoA GDP GTP ADP ATP
Fig. 9-17 Electron shuttles span membrane MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 2 NADH 6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 NADH Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle 2 Acetyl CoA 2 Pyruvate Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 ATP + about 32 or 34 ATP About 36 or 38 ATP Maximum per glucose:
Fig. 9-16 H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Cyt c V Q ATP synthase H2O 2 H+ + 1/2O2 FADH2 FAD NAD+ NADH ADP + ATP P i (carrying electrons from food) H+ Chemiosmosis Electron transport chain 1 2 Oxidative phosphorylation
Fig. 10-16 Mitochondrion Chloroplast MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE Diffusion H+ Thylakoid space Intermembrane space Electron transport chain Inner membrane Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase Stroma Matrix Key ADP + P i ATP Higher [H+] H+ Lower [H+]