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Social Lab. Design and implement survey research methodologies. Create appropriate items based on question type and response bias. Interpret results while looking at types of questions and sample used. Advantages of Surveys. Much information quickly and easily Can ask about internal states
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Social Lab • Design and implement survey research methodologies. • Create appropriate items based on question type and response bias. • Interpret results while looking at types of questions and sample used
Advantages of Surveys • Much information quickly and easily • Can ask about internal states • Can find statistical relationships among variables • Can use one variable to predict another mathematically
Disadvantages of Surveys • Obtaining representative sample • Wording of questions • Response format • Correlational, not causal • Validity of self-report
Creating Surveys • What is asked? • Determine area with general question • Devise specific questions • How is it asked? • Wording of questions • Format of responses • Open-ended vs. close-ended • How to administer the survey? • Email, telephone, mail, in person • Does format affect person’s response?
General Concerns • Wording of questions • Order of questions • Perceived purpose of survey • Sensitivity of the issue • Nature of the surveyor
Response Bias • Social desirability • Acquiescence
Creating Surveys • Create first draft • Pretest survey • Revise survey • Administer to actual sample • Analyze, interpret, communicate results
Creating surveys • Who is surveyed? • Define the population • Obtain sample of that population • Convenience samples • Snowball samples • Self-selected samples • Representative samples • Confidentiality & anonymity
Your survey • Online link • Cut and paste link into an email invitation • Ask 10 people to complete survey • 4 journal articles – 2 from class & 2 others
Stress • Definition • Physical force • Subjective emotional tension • Bodily arousal
Physical Force • Property of External Event • From physics • Inherent to event, not person
Subjective Emotional Tension • From psychoanalysis • Psychic struggle -> tension & anxiety • Time & energy
Bodily Arousal • Selye • General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) • From Cannon’s homeostasis • Maintaining stable internal environment
Selye’s Model • Alarm • Fight or flight • Resistance • Body tries to return to homeostasis • Exhaustion
Models of Stress • Life events – Holmes & Rahe • Major catastrophes vs. daily hassles • Cognitive transactional model • Lazarus & Folkman • Person plus event • Coping • Problem-focused vs. emotion-focused