1 / 37

History of Latin America

History of Latin America. Ch. 9 Sec. 2. Ancient Empires. Olmecs: 1400 BC-500 BC Mexican Gulf Coast Ruled by priests & royals/elite No mention of military Known for giant stone heads (40 tons) Mastered crafts- rubber, jade, stone carving. Ancient Empires. Mayan: 250-900

cuyler
Download Presentation

History of Latin America

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. History of Latin America Ch. 9 Sec. 2

  2. Ancient Empires • Olmecs: 1400 BC-500 BC • Mexican Gulf Coast • Ruled by priests & royals/elite • No mention of military • Known for giant stone heads (40 tons) • Mastered crafts- rubber, jade, stone carving

  3. Ancient Empires • Mayan: 250-900 • Southern Mexico/ Northern Central America (Guatemala/ Yucatan Pen.) • Ruled by priests & nobles • Priests performed sacrifices for good harvests, war success

  4. Ancient Empires • Mayan cont’d • Extensive farming techniques/terracing • Lots of maize population grew quickly • glyphs for recording history & honoring gods (Spanish burned most books many left un-translated) • 365 day solar calendar

  5. Tikal (Guatemala) Chichen Itza

  6. Ancient Empires • Aztecs: 1300s-1520s • Founded Tenochtitlán in Central Mexico- Present day Mexico City • Chinampas- floating islands • Foods shared with world • maize (corn) • chocolate (xocoatl)- only for elite though- “Food of the gods” • tomatoes

  7. Ancient Empires • Aztecs cont’d • Ruled by emperor next military, then majority (farmers), last were criminals & slaves • Priests had own class • Human sacrifices to sun god to rise ea. day • Tens of thousands: mostly P.O.W.s and some noble family members

  8. Ancient Empires • Inca: 1430s-1530s • Andes Mountains, Ecuador  Chile • Ruled by emperor (Sapa Inca) • Then military (very oppressive) • Extensive road network through mountains (rivals Romans) • Runners to warn of rebellion, invaders • All roads went thru Cuzco

  9. Original Incan road Machu Picchu

  10. Ancient Empires • Inca cont’d • Used quipu for record keeping (for traders) • Spoke Quechua • No written language • Masters of terracing & irrigation from Pacific Ocean • Domesticated alpacas & llamas

  11. Terracing Quipu

  12. Decline of Empires • Olmecs: ?? (volcano, absorbed) • Mayan: ?? (frequent war??, overpopulation over farm??) • Aztecs: Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés (1521) • Inca: Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro (1535)

  13. Early Empires • Early empires practiced polytheism, which is the belief in many gods.

  14. European Conquests • From 1500s-1700s • Colonizing for power and resources for home country • Columbian Exchange: widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, • As disease killed many Natives, they began enslaving Africans to meet labor shortages

  15. Latin American Revolutions

  16. Sources of Discontent- Late 1700s • Viceroys- Spanish governors • Peninsulares- Spaniards living in Latin America • Creoles- straight European descent • Mestizos- Native + European • Mulattoes- African + European • Zambos- Native + African • Amerindians- Natives ALL distrusted one another

  17. Sources of Discontent • Peninsulares/Viceroys wanted self-rule • Creoles read works of Enlightenment thinkers; All looked to American & French Revolution wanted more rights • Natives & Africans wanted freedom from slavery • Finally acted when Napoleon defeated Spain (made weaker)

  18. Haiti’s Struggle • French-ruled • Sugar & coffee plantations = 1/2 million slaves lots of $ for France • 25,000 free (but not equal) mulattoes

  19. Haiti’s Struggle • Revolted in 1791 • Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture • Former slave, but educated • Napoleon went in to regain • 1804: Complete independence

  20. Haiti is first non-slave nation in Western Hemisphere

  21. United Central America followed suit (early 1820s) • Union broke: • Guatemala • Nicaragua • Honduras • El Salvador • Costa Rica • But how do they know how to rule themselves?

  22. Simón Bolívar • 1810: Bolivar led revolt in Venezuela  form republic (did not last) • Went on to Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia republics • Joined Jose de San Martin • Leader in Argentina & Chile

  23. Brazil • Napoleon beat Portugal • Royals fled to Brazil • King made reforms • Left son Dom Pedro to rule… • But new powers in Portugal were against Dom Pedro…

  24. Brazil • He made Brazil independent constitutional monarchy • Freedom of press & religion; elected legislature • 1889: became republic w/o any violence

  25. Caribbean Independence • 1898: Cuba from Spain • 1900s: Jamaica & Barbados from Britain • Some still under foreign control

  26. Panama Canal • Isthmus perfect place to connect oceans • Ferdinand de Lesseps (Suez Canal) tried but failed • Disease, geography, $ • Bunau-Varilla asked US pres TR (1901) to aid building

  27. Panama Canal • Panama was part of Colombia at time • Colombia refused to give up land • Panamanians revolted, US helped them • Panama gained independence (1903) • Canal began in 1904, until 1914 • US owned until 1999

  28. Cuba • Like others, people were discontent with government • Cuba- gap b/w rich and poor • Revolution led by Fidel Castro set up Communist State with military dictator (1959)

  29. Timeline • On a blank sheet of paper, create a timeline about the history of Latin America. • Choose FIVE events • Must give a description of the event and a colored picture for each event • Due Monday

More Related