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Third World Politics. Chen-shen Yen Spring 2010 National Tsing Hua University. Human Rights. Six international factors leading to the demand for rights: 1. No more justification of abuse of rights in the name of fighting communism.
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Third World Politics Chen-shen Yen Spring 2010 National Tsing Hua University
Human Rights • Six international factors leading to the demand for rights: • 1. No more justification of abuse of rights in the name of fighting communism. • 2. Collapse of authoritarian regimes encouraged advocacy of rights. • 3. Prevalence of structural adjustment programmes prompted rights protection.
Human Rights Six international factors leading to the demand for rights: 4. Impact of globalization 5. Transformation of production system and labor market 6. Media revolution and consumerism
Collective vs. Individualist Conception of Human Rights • Collective • 1. Economic rights • 2. Social rights • Individualist • 1. Political rights • 2. Civil rights/civil liberties
Collective vs. Individualist Conception of Human Rights Francis Fukuyama’s Definition 1. Civil rights 2. Religious rights 3. Political rights
Collective vs. Individualist Conception of Human Rights Fouad Ajami’s Maximum Feasible Consensus Civil and Political Rights 1. Right to survive 2. Right not to be subjected to torture Economic Rights 3. Right for food
Collective vs. Individualist Conception of Human Rights Ferguson’s list 1. Right to life 2. Right to freedom from torture, slavery or summary execution 3. Freedom from hunger 4. A minimum standard of living 5. Basic education and health care
Collective vs. Individualist Conception of Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Human Development Index 1. Life expectancy Population health and longevity 2. Knowledge and education Adult literacy rate and gross enrollment ratio 3. Standard of living Purchasing power parity