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Today is Friday (!), November (!) 1 st , 2013

In This Lesson: Respiration (Lesson 3 of 3). Today is Friday (!), November (!) 1 st , 2013. Pre-Class: [ choose one of the following ]

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Today is Friday (!), November (!) 1 st , 2013

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  1. In This Lesson: Respiration (Lesson 3 of 3) Today is Friday (!),November (!) 1st, 2013 Pre-Class: [choose one of the following] 1. Take a big deep breath in and out. What happened when you did that? Try to follow the path from your nose/mouth all the way in…and then all the way out… 2. What is your body’s overall respiration rate called? If you don’t know what respiration is, choose #1.

  2. Today’s Agenda • Respiration • Respiration • And maybe Gaboon Vipers http://www.kostich.com/gaboon%20viper%20snake.JPG

  3. A brief note… • Since we’re talking about respiration, we’re basically talking about food. • 1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. • Food calories are actually measured as Calories. • 1 Calorie = 1000 calories. • Your body needs a certain amount of calories to function properly, so that all your cells can have the energy needed to do their jobs.

  4. Aside: High Calorie Foods • Recommended daily intake of Calories is 2000 for an adult woman, 2500 for an adult male (average). • White Castle: Chocolate Shake [Large] • 1680 Calories. • Outback Steakhouse:Bloomin’ Onion • 2210 Calories. • Uno Chicago Grill: Classic Deep Dish Pizza • 2310 Calories • and 162g Fat, 123g Carbs, 4470mg Sodium. • Cheesecake Factory: Bistro Shrimp Pasta • 3120 Calories

  5. Let’s start with the basics… • Where is this in my book? • P. 221 and following… • So what is respiration? • Cellular respiration is the process by which cells use energy to carry out life functions. • BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS UNDERGO CELLULAR RESPIRATION! • Plants do it during the day and night. • Overall rate of respiration? • Metabolism • Gaboon vipers have a VERY low rate of respiration. • Where does it take place? • The mitochondria, whether it’s an animal cell or a plant cell, as well as the cytoplasm.

  6. The Magic Respiration Machine YE OLDE Respiration MACHINE ? ? INPUT OUTPUT

  7. Respiration: An Outline • Respiration is basically this: • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O • In other words, it’s a conversion of chemical energy to chemical energy. • Using glucose to make ATP. • What you should do is this: • Write down the chemical formula. • Write down the formula in English • Draw the formula in mini-diagrams. • (2 minutes to work)

  8. Respiration: An Introduction • Respiration occurs in plant and animal cells. • Two kinds: • Aerobic • Anaerobic • Before we get any further, let’s start with a flowchart. • That kinda rhymes.

  9. Two Basic Steps • The first step is called glycolysis. That one always happens, and it happens in the cytoplasm. • That means that even those cute little prokaryotes can do it, too! • From there, either aerobic or anaerobic respiration takes place. • Let’s start by looking at glycolysis.

  10. Cell Respiration • Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose. It makes 4 ATP molecules, but costs 2 ATP molecules. • Net gain of 2 ATP (produces 4, costs 2). • Anaerobic process.

  11. Steps of Respiration • Glycolysis is the first step in respiration. • Remember, it’s anaerobic. • The second step in respiration can be either aerobic or anaerobic. • We’ll start with the aerobic version.

  12. If it’s aerobic… • …it’s called the Krebs Cycle (sometimes called the Citric Acid Cycle), followed by the Electron Transport Chain. • These two steps make LOTS of ATP. • Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP. • Electron Transport Chain: 34 ATP. • Both steps happen in the mitochondria. • The ETC “resets” the process and allows glycolysis to start again.

  13. Anaerobic Respiration • Without oxygen, the Krebs Cycle does not function, so neither can the ETC. • Another process must occur. • Hint? http://125.164.208.76/how/b

  14. Fermentation! • Mostly a prokaryote and fungi thing, but it happens in humans and other animals too (under not-so-ideal conditions). • Fermentation is a “reset button” for glycolysis, allowing it to continue running. • Does not make any ATP on its own. • Where do we know fermentation? • Fermentation by yeast (a fungus). • Beer, wine and bread, which rises from CO2 release. • Alcohol fermentation creates ethanol, which kills yeast when it rises above a 12% concentration. • So, naturally fermented wine has how much alcohol?

  15. Fermentation for Us • Lactic Acid Fermentation • As in some prokaryotes and fungi, it doesnot allow the Krebs Cycle or anything aerobic to continue. • What are the side effects? • Let’s experience ‘em ourselves!

  16. Fermentation for Us • What do you feel immediately after running a long distance, or maybe lifting a lot of weights, or after what we just did? • Most of us call it “muscle soreness.”* • Biologists call it lactic acid. • *Note: This is NOT the muscle soreness you feel the next day. • Builds up in muscles when they’re not getting enough oxygen. • Why do athletes have better endurance, then? • Why do our bodies do this even though it’s so inefficient?

  17. Fermentation Summary • In prokaryotes and fungi: • Alcohol fermentation. • Metabolize sugars into ethanol. • In eukaryotes: • Lactic acid fermentation. • Muscles can continue to work without oxygen, but lactic acid builds up.

  18. One last thing… • Anaerobic Respiration produces: • 2 ATP (from glycolysis) • Aerobic Respiration produces: • 2 ATP (from glycolysis) • 36 ATP (!!!) (from Krebs Cycle and ETC combined) • 38 total! • Which one do most cells “want” to use? • BIG HUGE IMPORTANT THING TO REMEMBER: • These numbers are all “ideal.” • In reality, many conditions, including intermediate molecules that move stuff from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion, affect these numbers. • Typically they’re actually lower.

  19. RapidTrivia! • Grab a whiteboard and talk to your partner (quickly) about each of the questions. • That means you need to write FAST! • There will still be an off-topic question today.

  20. Question #1 • Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? • Anaerobic.

  21. Question #2 • Where does glycolysis take place? • The cytoplasm.

  22. Question #3 • What substance builds up in muscles during fermentation? • Lactic Acid

  23. Question #4* • What’s a female peacock called? • Peahen *Off-topic http://www.mayanmajix.com/ma.jpg

  24. Question #5 • How much combined ATP do the Krebs Cycle and ETC produce? • 36 ATP molecules!

  25. Now let’s test it… • Log onto Quia and find the quiz labeled, “Cell Energy Cycle Gizmo.” • That quiz will give you instructions for opening a gizmo in another tab from the ExploreLearning website. • [Log-in Instructions]

  26. Exit Ticket and Homework • Exit Ticket: • What are some of the ways photosynthesis and respiration differ? • Homework: • STUDY THIS STUFF!

  27. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration

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