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French Revolution

Explore the Radical Phase of the French Revolution, including the Reign of Terror, the Committee of Public Safety, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Learn about the significant events and key figures that shaped this bloody period.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution Chapter 3 Section 3 Radical Days of the Revolution

  2. Video • Click on www.khanacademy.org • In the search box, type in “French Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror” • Watch the video • Read the Powerpoint • Answer the Powerpoint/Video questions

  3. Radical Phase • The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody phase in 1793 • The war with Austria not going well for France • Some revolutionaries believed the king was supporting France’s enemies • Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the king’s power and end this revolution

  4. Radical Phase • August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal family escaped • In September of 1792, citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses (“September Massacre”) • 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) were executed during the September Massacre

  5. New Rights • Radicals took control of the National Assembly and re-named it the National Convention • National Convention wanted to extend Suffrage to all male citizens, not just to those who owned property • The Convention that met in September, 1792 was a more radical body than earlier assemblies • The new Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a French Republic (elected representatives) • Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a true traitor! • Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, 1793.

  6. Queen Marie Antoniette

  7. Execution of King Louis XVI

  8. Committee of Public Safety • The Convention (former National Assembly) created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged “enemies of the revolution” (12 members) • CPS issued levee en masse, a tax that required all citizens to contribute to war effort • Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the leader of CPS • Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Reign of Terror (Sept. 1793-July 1794)

  9. Maxmillien Robespierre

  10. Reign of Terror • Sham courts conducted hasty trials for those suspected of resisting the revolution’s goals • 17,000 people were beheaded by the guillotine during Reign of Terror • Robespierre himself was eventually arrested and guillotined (July 28, 1794) • The convention, tired of the bloodshed, turned against the CPS and executed its radical leaders

  11. Guillotine

  12. Third Stage of Revolution(In Reaction to the Terror) • Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795 (third since 1789) • The Constitution of 1795 established a five-man Directory (1795-1799) to rule France with a two-house legislature • Middle class and professionals dominated this 3rd stage of the French Revolution

  13. Discontent Grows • The Directory faced discontent among the population • War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was made with Prussia and Spain • Rising bread prices caused the sans-culottes to riot • Some emigres threatened the power of the Directory because they favored a return of the former monarchy • The emigres who fled previously supported the monarchy and resented the measures taken against the Catholic Church.

  14. Napoleon Bonaparte • Popular military leader Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as new leader of France amidst the chaos

  15. 1799 • 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed France—politically, socially, and economically • Dislodged the old social order (Ancien Regime destroyed) • Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executed • Church brought under French state control • New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag) represented liberty/equality of all male citizens

  16. Nationalism • Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country) spread throughout France • Revolutionaries made social reforms: • set up systems to help the poor, • established state schools to replace religious ones, • organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and war widows • abolished slavery in France’s Caribbean colonies

  17. Powerpoint Questions • 1. What Committee did the Convention create? • 2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Safety? • 3. The guillotine of many people became a period in France known as the _____________. • 4. According to the video, what was the month of July renamed?_________________ • 5. How many persons were executed during this bloody stage of the French Revolution?

  18. Powerpoint Questions • 6. What did the Constitution of 1795 establish? (2 points) • 7. According to the video, name the artillery captain in Toulon who displayed military leadership. • 8. What was the tax that required all citizens to contribute to the war effort? • 9. According to the video, what did the Jacobins demand in July of 1791?

  19. The End

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