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Cancer and How to avoid it

Happy to answer questions. QUB Staff wellbeing Initiative Dr Anna Gavin Director, N. Ireland Cancer Registry Queen’s University Belfast 29 th January2014. Cancer and How to avoid it. What is Cancer? and How does it start? How many types? Is cancer becoming more common ?

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Cancer and How to avoid it

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  1. Happy to answer questions QUB Staff wellbeing Initiative Dr Anna Gavin Director, N. Ireland Cancer Registry Queen’s University Belfast 29th January2014 Cancer and How to avoid it

  2. What is Cancer? and How does it start? • How many types? • Is cancer becoming more common? • Role of Screening for Cancer • What causes Cancer? • What can I do to avoid cancer?

  3. What is Cancer? • Cancer - lot of different types Brain Head & Neck Gut Breast Leukaemia (Blood) Bone Kidney Cervix Prostate Lung Skin

  4. What is Cancer? • Common pathway - DNA in cells

  5. Normal cells • Grow • Limit growth • Repair DNA damage

  6. Cancerous Cells • DNA damage Genetics- tumour suppressor and activation genes- choose your parents well! • Growth unchecked • Tumour • increasingly likely with age

  7. Is Cancer More Common that 20/30/50 Years Ago? YES

  8. Incidence trends – N. Ireland

  9. MOST COMMON CANCERS (Males) Cancer incidence, males, Northern Ireland (1993-2011) Cancer deaths , males, UK, 2009

  10. MOST COMMON CANCERS (Females) Cancer deaths, females, UK, 2009 Cancer incidence, females, Northern Ireland (1993-2011)

  11. Why is Cancer More Common? • Ageing population • Control of other diseases e.g. heart disease, infection • Better Diagnosis • Changing Risk Factors

  12. Lifestyle Changes • Lung cancer • 1912 - 12 deaths • 2012 – 1,127 cases

  13. Population more informed More openness regarding cancer

  14. Cancer is increasing due to: • Ageing population • Better diagnosis • Lifestyle - tobacco, diet, less exercise • More awareness of cases in community • Screening

  15. Relative survival of female breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1997-2006 (followed up to the end of 2011) by stage

  16. Figure: Relative survival of female breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1997-2006 (followed up to the end of 2011) by stage Screening and Cancer 1. Early Stage Disease – easier to treat and better survival – GoalREDUCE DEATHS 2. Some Screening Tests – pick up pre-cancer - Cervical Smear - Bowel Cancer Screening 3, Breast screening - picks up existing cancer

  17. Debate What are the harms and benefits of screening Mortality reduction Over Diagnosis

  18. Trends in incidence and mortality rates - Prostate cancer

  19. Screening Debate Breast 3 over diagnosed : 1 death prevented Prostate 48 over diagnosed – 1 death prevented Colorectal/Bowel and Cervix – pick up and treat early disease so preventing cancer

  20. What Causes Cancer?

  21. Estimated Percentage of Cancer Deaths Attributed to Various Factors

  22. Tobacco Related Cancers

  23. Tobacco Related Cancers • Oral • Lung • Larynx • Stomach • Oesophageal • Pancreas • Cervix • Kidney • Bladder

  24. Overweight • Breast over age 50 • Uterus • Kidney • bowel

  25. Waist tape measurement • Normal limits • MEN <37” • WOMEN <31.5”

  26. Health Eating Can Help Prevent:- • Heart Disease • Constipation • Obesity • Bowel Trouble • Tooth Decay • High Blood Pressure • Diabetes • Some Cancers • Musculo-skeletal Problems

  27. Weight Control • Use a smaller plate • Expect results over a long period • Eat smaller meals more often • Change cooking method - grill • Don’t crash diet • Increase exercise

  28. Choices…

  29. No Risk

  30. Care in the Sun

  31. Be Safe • Avoid sunburn • NO sunbeds • Avoid 11am – 3pm • Use shade • Cover up – including hat and sunglasses • Sunscreen – 15 Sun Protection Factor (SPF) • Go early if concerned

  32. Avoid Cancer • Don’t Smoke • Eat 5 or more Fruit/Vegetables per day • Exercise • Avoid sunbeds and sunburn • Maintain sensible weight

  33. Pick up Early • Screening when invited – breast, cervix, bowel • Be aware of changes – cough, bowel, skin, weight • Seek medical advice early

  34. Thanks To: N I C Council & Steering Group R Patients ORECNI PHA GAIN Trusts CRUK QUB BSO HSCB Cancer Staff Clinicians Focus Prostate Cancer UK R&D DHSSPSNI Macmillan NISRA Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland (ORECNI)

  35. Any questions?

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