Emerging Issues in Extension Plant Pathology

1. Emerging Issues in Extension Plant Pathology Don Hershman Paul Vincelli Kenny Seebold John Hartman* Paul Bachi and Julie Beale Ed Dixon, Brenda Kennedy Bernadette Amsden, Terry Yielding, Sara LongMindy Thompson * Retired, working half-time

2. Grain Crops Don Hershman: Soybean and Wheat Paul Vincelli: Corn

3. Soybean Cyst Nematode • Development of new races has compromised effective use of resistant varieties. • Seed treatments may or may not be helpful, but they will soon be marketed.

4. Soybean Rust Monitoring, Management and Networking

5. Soybean Rust Monitoring, Management and Networking

6. Soybean Rust Yield Loss Calculator Cooperative project with Saratha Kumudini

7. “Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean • Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide.

8. “Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean • Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide. • Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath”

9. “Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean • Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide. • Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath” • Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk.

10. “Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean • Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide. • Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath” • Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk. • Addressing issue with aggressive Extension program and cooperative research projects.

11. “Plant Health” Fungicide Use in Corn and Soybean • Approximately 35% of Kentucky’s corn and soybean acres are being treated with a fungicide. • Many acres are being treated in an attempt to capture “Plant Heath” • Most spray decisions are being made without considering disease risk. • Addressing issue with aggressive Extension program and cooperative research projects. • Have provided national leadership on this issue.

12. Southern Rust of Corn • 2009 outbreak in KY and Corn Belt was a wake-up call. • Some yield loss in KY. • Dies back to the southern gulf each year. • Coordinated monitoring project, akin to SBR, is being initiated. • Taking leadership in diagnostics.

13. 2009 National PCR Workshop

14. Wheat Head Blight/DON • Significant disease outbreaks occur 1 in 5 years in Kentucky. • Current and future efforts are aimed at maximizing disease control through integrated use of resistant varieties and fungicides. • Part of a national research team.

15. Helping to Refine Risk Tool

16. UG-99 Wheat Stem Rust Most wheat varieties are susceptible Should be here within 5 years KY is not at great risk, but we are “at risk”. KY is a participant in on-going monitoring efforts.

17. Tobacco and Vegetable Crops Kenny Seebold

18. Blue MoldPeronospora tabacina • Fast-moving,devastating foliar disease of tobacco under favorable conditions • Also known as “downy mildew of tobacco” • Pathogen is air-dispersed primarily • Fungicide efficacy trials are on-going and Blue Mold Warning System has been a high priority.

19. Target SpotSymptoms & Signs – Field (Burley) • Has become serious problem in transplant and field production (losses up to 400 lbs/A) • Quadris 24c label obtained for disease control in greenhouse. • Research has suggested adequate control possible using Quadris. More work needed on rates and timing.

20. Black Shank • Phytophthora nicotianae • Most damaging disease of KY tobacco • Integrated control of black shank • (fungicide x variety) is on-going.

21. Emerging Vegetable Disease Situations Fungicide Resistance Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Tomato Early Blight

22. Emerging Vegetable Disease Situations Phytophthora blight of Cucurbits, peppers and tomatoes

23. New Strain of Watermelon Mosaic in KY AgDia results: Positive for potyvirus, negative for all virus-specific tests Images courtesy Kenny Seebold

24. Fruit, Woody and Ornamental Crops John Hartman

25. Emerging Woody Plant Issues • Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes. • Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry.

26. Emerging Woody Plant Issues • Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes. • Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry. • Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries.

27. Emerging Woody Plant Issues • Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes. • Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry. • Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries. • Devastating black walnut fungal canker is making its way towards KY.

28. Emerging Woody Plant Issues • Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes. • Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry. • Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries. • Devastating black walnut fungal canker is making its way towards KY. • Fungicide resistance to apple scab and grape black rot fungi is on the increase.

29. Emerging Woody Plant Issues • Sudden Oak Death (SOD) and bacterial leaf scorch of many woody species threaten both forests and landscapes. • Both diseases have severely impacted nursery industry. • Pierce’s disease on increase in KY and threatens fledgling grape/wine industries. • Devastating black walnut fungal canker is making its way towards KY. • Fungicide resistance to apple scab and grape black rot fungi is on the increase. • These issues are currently not being adequately addressed in KY.

30. DNA-based identification of the soybean cyst nematode assists nursery industry CCN SBCN SCN Uncut Fok I Uncut Fok I Uncut Fok I 350 bp 150 bp 50 bp

31. On-Going Issues of Importance • Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinics • Horticulture and ANR Agent Training initiatives. • Developing and refining disease management recommendations through applied research. • Kentucky Pest News. • Stakeholder training. • Expanded WWW presence • Websites, blogs, Twitter, listservs, etc.

32. Questions?