ELECTRONICS IN MEDICAL FIELD (BIONICS)

1. ELECTRONICS IN MEDICAL FIELD (BIONICS) BY G V SHASHANK REDDY

2. BIONICS • Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology • Bionics, broadly defined, is the application of the understanding of biological functions to solving engineering problems. • Often, the study of bionics emphasizes implementing a function found in nature rather than just imitating biological structures

3. USES IN MEDICAL FIELD In medicine, Bionics means the replacement or enhancement of organs or other body parts by mechanical versions. Bionic implants differ from mere prostheses by mimicking the original function very closely, or even surpassing it.

4. APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE • Biochips • Gene chips • Electronic nose • Electronic tongue • Artificial heart • Cochlear implants • Artificial limbs

5. BIOCHIP IMPLANT • Biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes • It consists of a transponder and a reader or scanner • Radio-frequency identification system

6. TRANSPONDER • A transponder a passive device consists of a microchip, a capacitor and an antenna coil • Reader activates by sending low-power electrical charge

7. READER OR SCANNER • Displays the activation code in the microchip which is different for different chips • Should be near 2-12 inches near the biochip implant.

8. GENE CHIP • Small DNA segments chemically synthesized. • Made on Quartz surface • Cells which hold DNA from a different human gene • For example, a patient with a sore throat could be tested with a gene chip in order to identify the source of the infection and its antibiotic susceptibility profile. Therapy could commence sooner and would be precisely targeted to the causative infectious agent.

9. ARTIFICIAL NOSE • “electronic sensing” refers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems. • Electronic noses can be used to detect poisonous and obnoxious odours and provide quality control for different food stuff. • Perform an analysis

10. ELECTRONIC TONGUE • The electronic tongue is an instrument that measures and compares tastes. • Like human receptors, each sensor has a spectrum of reactions different from the other • Perform analysis

11. ARTIFICIAL HEART • Replaces the biological heart • In early 1980s Dr William De Vries implanted the Jarvik-7 artificial heart into several patients. • one patient with an implanted Jarvik-7 survived 620 days • The two main types of artificial hearts are the heart-lung machine and the mechanical heart.

12. FIG:: ARTIFICIAL HEART

13. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS • Bionic ear • electronic device that provides a sense of sound • Electrodes implanted in the cochlea to stimulate auditory nerves – are the most successful bionic prosthetics.

14. The basic parts of the device include External: • a microphone • a speech processor • a transmitter Internal: • a receiver and stimulator • an array of up to 22 electrodes wound through the cochlea

15. Illustration of the internal parts of a cochlear implant.

16. BIONIC HAND • It is multi-articulating • They are hook like, simple to open and close gestures • Also has power to hold things

18. BIONIC LEG • Power knee • Lower limb prosthesis for people amputated above the knee • On-board module receives data from sensors, sends commands to motor of amputee to perform current task

19. CONCLUSION • Electronics is playing a crucial role in developing artificial human organs which made the living of the people very easy those who have problems like hearing, seeing and other muscular problems

20. THANK YOU