Do people have a right to determine their own form of government?

1. Do people have a right to determine their own form of government?

2. James I • Problems with Parliament: • Absolutist • Collected $ whenever wanted • Made Alliances with England ‘s enemy Spain • Religious Policy • Conflicted w/ Puritans, who wanted to “purify” Anglican Church of Catholic practices

3. Parliament: Representative Government

4. Charles I

5. 1) • Why was there a long standing conflict b/w Charles I and Parliament? • Father James I • Ruled Absolutely- imprisoned people who did not loan him $ • Married a French Catholic Women

6. 2) • How did Parliament make it known to Charles I that he could not raise taxes? • Petition of Rights • What other objections did the Petition of Rights include? • No Martial Law • No soldiers in private homes during peacetime • No imprisonment w/out a charge

7. 3) • How did Long Parliament limit the king’s power? • Parliament must meet every 3 years • King could not impose taxes on his own • Executed 2 of his advisors for treason

8. 4) • What happened once the Puritan majority of Parliament tried to change the practices of the Anglican Church? • Public supported shifted to the king • What does the fact that people did not want changes made to the Anglican church tell you about their attitudes toward the Anglican Church and Puritans? • Liked the church as is • Puritans were disliked and considered radicals

9. 5) • How did the Irish Rebellion help trigger the English Civil War? • Charles I needed a BIG army to put down Irish rebellion • Parliament did not want Charles I w/ that much power, so insisted that Parliament control army • Charles I said NO WAY ARE YOU CRAZY!!! • Charles I marched on Parliament, which “sparked” civil war

10. 6) • What were the supporter of the king called? • Cavaliers • What were the supporters of Parliament called? • Roundheads • Who was the Leader of the Roundheads? • Oliver Cromwell

11. Oliver Cromwell

12. 6) Continued… • What happened to Charles I after he lost the English Civil War to the Roundheads and Oliver Cromwell? • Tried and sentenced to death by beheading

13. 7) • What is a Commonwealth? • Republican Form of Government • What title did Oliver Cromwell take? • Lord Protector • What was the name of the 1st written constitution in England? • Instrument of Government 1653

14. 8) • Was Charles II welcomed when he returned to England? • Yes • Why would Parliament and the English people want to bring back an “absolute” leader? • Stability • What was the reign of Charles II called? • Restoration

15. The “Restoration” of Charles II

16. Charles II He avoided fights with Parliament. Continued Cromwell’s bold commercial policies of economic expansion. Tried to form an alliance with France and England. Did not work 150 years of rivalry- controlling of the seas and resources. Sought to increase toleration with Catholicism were dismissed by Parliament.

17. Political Parties Develop Charles and his Queen Catherine of Braganza of Portugal had no children. Younger brother James, a Roman Catholic would succeed him. Two parties come about in England. The Tories-supported the Anglican Church and a hereditary monarchy, but would accept a Roman Catholic King.

18. The Whigs Their names were first used as insults. The term Tory meant an outlaw in Ireland. The term Whig originally meant a horse thief. A name that suggested a group that was rebellious The Whigs claimed the right to deny the throne to James. They wanted a strong Parliament and opposed having a Catholic ruler.

19. James II When Charles II died in 1685, his Catholic brother came to the Throne. He was less flexible and humorless. James II believed in absolute rule. James antagonized the Parliament and refused to cooperate. Both Whigs and Tories called James II to step down. He agrees peacefully William of Orange and Mary ( James II sister) took over a peaceful transfer of power.

20. Thomas Hobbes Lived through the English Civil War and was disturbed by the chaos it created.