Machines Made Simple

1. Machines Made Simple

2. Simple Machines • Six basic types • Designed to make work easier • Few or no moving parts • Combine to form complex machines NSF North Mississippi GK-8

3. Lever NSF North Mississippi GK-8

4. Lever • In a first class lever the pivot is in the middle and the load and effort is on either side • Think of a see-saw NSF North Mississippi GK-8

5. Levers • In a second class lever the pivot is at the end, with the load in the middle • Think of a wheelbarrow NSF North Mississippi GK-8

6. Levers • In a third class lever the fulcrum is again at the end, but the effort is in the middle • Think of a pair of tweezers NSF North Mississippi GK-8

7. Pulley NSF North Mississippi GK-8

8. Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the outside • A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work Pulley NSF North Mississippi GK-8

9. Wheel and Axel NSF North Mississippi GK-8

10. Wheel & Axle • The wheel and axle are a simple machine • The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel which allows the wheel to turn • Gears are a form of wheels and axles NSF North Mississippi GK-8

11. Inclined Plane NSF North Mississippi GK-8

12. Inclined Plane • An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end • Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier NSF North Mississippi GK-8

13. Wedge NSF North Mississippi GK-8

14. Wedge • Two inclined planes joined back to back. • Wedges are used to split things. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

15. Screw NSF North Mississippi GK-8

16. Screw • A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. • The inclined plane allows the screw to move itself when rotated. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

17. Simple Machines NSF North Mississippi GK-8

18. Eduardo is helping his family move out of their old house. Help him decide which task would be easier, and then help him figure out what simple machine makes the job easier. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

19. Eduardo has to move some heavy boxes into the moving truck. A B B would be easier because a ramp is an inclined plane. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

20. Eduardo has to move a heavy box a long distance. A B A would be easier because the wagon has wheels and axels. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

21. Eduardo needs to tear off a piece of packing tape. A B B would be easier because the edges of the scissors are wedges. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

22. Eduardo needs to move a heavy box to his room on the fourth floor. A B B would be easier because Eduardo is using a pulley. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

23. Eduardo needs to help his father move the refrigerator. A B A would be easier because the dolly is a lever (with wheels and an axel). NSF North Mississippi GK-8

24. Eduardo needs to help his father change a flat tire on the moving truck. A B B would be easier because a jack uses a screw. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

25. Now that Eduardo and his family have reached their new house, they need some help in unpacking their belongings. Help Eduardo decide on the best simple machine to use in each situation. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

26. Eduardo needs to open the boxes his mom sealed with packing tape. What simple machine should he use? Eduardo should use a wedge (probably a pair of scissors). NSF North Mississippi GK-8

27. The door to the moving truck is jammed shut. What simple machine might Eduardo’s father use to open it? Eduardo’s father should use a lever (most likely a crowbar). NSF North Mississippi GK-8

28. There is a flagpole outside Eduardo’s new school. What simple machine could be used to raise and lower the flag? A pulley is used to raise and lower the flag. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

29. Eduardo’s mom wants to hang a cabinet in the new kitchen. What simple machine might she use to attach it to the wall? Eduardo’s mom could use a screw to attach the cabinet to the wall and hold it in place. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

30. Eduardo helped his father install doorknobs in the new house. What kind of simple machine is a doorknob? A doorknob is a wheel and axel. NSF North Mississippi GK-8

31. Simple Machines NSF North Mississippi GK-8

32. Identifying Simple Machines Lever Wheel and axle Wedge Screw Pulley Inclined plane NSF North Mississippi GK-8

33. Image Sources <http://etc.usf.edu/clipart> <http://www.oz.net/~peragine/doorknob.jpg> <http://www.theteachersguide.com/clipart/scissors.gif> <http://www.weprintcolor.com/stockimages/construction/images/Black%20metal%20crowbar.jpg> <http://67.19.222.106/military/graphics/flagpole.jpg> <http://www.morris.umn.edu/UMMimages/public/images/campus_misc/flagpole.jpg> <http://www.phillips-screw.com/images/homeMain.jpg> <http://mws.mcallen.isd.tenet.edu/mchi/ipc/ch15htm/images15/Screw.jpg> <http://www.discountramps.com/handi-van_ramp.gif> http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/flag-pole.jpg NSF North Mississippi GK-8

34. Images Sources (cont.) <http://www.physics.uwaterloo.ca/demo/bikewheelgyro.html> <http://www.piratescave.co.uk/about_us.htm> <http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/handicap-ramp.html> <http://library.thinkquest.org/J002079F/wedge.htm> <http://www.idahoptv.org/dialogue4kids/season7/simplemachines/facts.html> <http://www.scienceclarified.com/Io-Ma/Machines-Simple.html> NSF North Mississippi GK-8