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A measure for the creative economy

A measure for the creative economy. Andy C Pratt Culture, Media and Creative Industries Andy.pratt@kcl.ac.uk http://web.me.com/andycpratt/andy_c_pratt/Welcome.htm. Evidence Based Policy. Policy making based upon transparency

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A measure for the creative economy

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  1. A measure for the creative economy Andy C Pratt Culture, Media and Creative Industries Andy.pratt@kcl.ac.uk http://web.me.com/andycpratt/andy_c_pratt/Welcome.htm

  2. Evidence Based Policy • Policy making based upon transparency • Critical in policy process, terms of evaluation considered at the start. • Possibility of learning • Key is identification of processes, not indicators • Understand what is happening

  3. What’s in a name? • Which term: • Culture industry • Cultural industries • Creative industries • Creative and cultural industries • Creative economy • Is it: • For profit/ not • Public subsidy/not • Art/culture / not • Formal/ informal

  4. Data for the creative economy • In the past • Data was collected for advocacy purposes • It was not used for evaluation • What we need • Core concepts and theories • Information (quantitative and qualitative) • Comparative information • Policy development

  5. Creative economy data: characteristics • What we don’t know • In the dark • Invisible • We don’t know how much of what • We don’t know what causes what • What we do know • Data on the sector – external analysis (usually collected for other purposes) • Data of the sector – internal needs • Data for governance of the sector (collected for purpose) • Why we don’t know • Concepts and definitions • Unstable, or inappropriate • Rapidity of change • It’s new • It’s in the informal economy • How it’s organised

  6. Concepts • Descriptive models of relationship of creative economy to the rest • Or • Value chain – maximising value • Production chain – organisation of cultural production • Or, • No concept, but various indicators

  7. The creative economy production cycle • Particular characteristics need attention • The production chain • Inter-relationship of production processes (vertically and horizontally) • Scale(s) of operation

  8. Definitions • Definitions • Concept driven • Search for data to describe the process • Necessarily, absences and presences • Some data does not exist • Definitions can be refined, or locally specific • But concept is stable

  9. What to measure? • Employment • Occupation • Industry • Location • Time Use • Spending/ Consumption • Trade

  10. Operationalise the concept • E.g. Employment • Which industries (use of SIC codes) • Which occupations (use of SOC codes) • Trade • Which classifications (product classification CPC, EBOPS) • Fix other parameters (firm sizes, turnover etc.) • Spatial units • Time periods

  11. References

  12. Cultural Trade • Ideal • Material/Goods • By weight and value • Traditional goods • Services • Immaterial • Value? • Royalties? • Pragmatism • Disaggregation of classification • Missing • New goods • Non discernable • Missing • Value to whom? • Disaggregate • Still invisible • Reliability

  13. Cultural goods: a pragmatic solution used by UNCTAD 1 - A fine art painting 2 - A newspaper or book 3 - Designer furniture 4 - Designed furniture (high design content, mass produced) 5 - Industrial design 6 - Mass production of most other products 7a/7b - Distribution of cultural products (distinction not possible 7a-7b withcurrent industrial taxonomies) 8 - Distribution of all other products

  14. Next steps? • Understanding processes, and organisation • Different business models/ objectives • Resources (new collection, survey instruments, analytic skills, interpretive) • Legitimacy (no estimates, public data) • Comparative data/ benchmarking • Observatories/ Laboratories

  15. Possibilities: for policy making and governance • Role of intelligent agents • Knowledge brokers • Information dissemination • Cultural practice mentors • Management / organisational skills • Strategic development • Third sector (beyond ‘Silo’ mentality) • Governance, not simply regulation nor policy objectives

  16. Beyond the creative economy audit • Creative economy audits are simply a start • They must be more differentiated • They must be adaptable to change • They must to comparable • We need to examine process, and context • The future may not be like the past • Business models • Policy based on ‘how it is’, not‘how it should be’, nor ‘is supposed to be’. • Governance actually about governing (and transforming/ developing)

  17. Capacity building • Resources for institution building • Collection/Distribution of royalties • Development of audiences/markets • Alliances between Northern markets and South • ‘Correspondences’ between (regional) government agencies in measurement • Data for different purposes : not ONE definition

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