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Plankton

Plankton. (This is not what real plankton looks like.  ). From the Greek word “ planktos ” meaning to drift They cannot swim against a current. The Base of the Ocean Food Web. Plankton can be in any of the kingdoms of life Archaebacteria Bacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia.

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Plankton

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  1. Plankton (This is not what real plankton looks like.  )

  2. From the Greek word “planktos” meaning to drift • They cannot swim against a current

  3. The Base of the Ocean Food Web • Plankton can be in any of the kingdoms of life • Archaebacteria • Bacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  4. Holoplankton: organisms that are plankton their entire lives • Example: Diatoms • Meroplankton: organisms that are plankton for only part of their lives • Example: Starfish

  5. Phytoplankton • Obtain food through photosynthesis • Converts CO2 and water to O2 and sugar • Sunlight is the energy source that powers this • 70-80% of the world’s oxygen is produced by phytoplankton • Phytoplankton live primarily in the euphotic and photic zones because they rely on the sunlight

  6. DIATOMS • Kingdom Protista • They are a type of algae (singular is alga) • They have cell walls made of silica • Material in glass • Very beautiful when viewed under a microscope

  7. Diatoms Continued • The glassy shell is called a frustule • Has two halves and resembles a box

  8. Diatom Reproduction Frustules get smaller and smaller. Usually asexual reproduction Why do diatoms get extremely small during periods of high reproduction called blooms?

  9. Dinoflagellates • Kingdom Protista • Two flagella • one wrapped around a groove along the middle of the cell • One trailing behind it for navigation • Cell wall made of plates of cellulose • Zooxanthellae is a dinoflagellate • Causes red tides • Bioluminescent species • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2xh9-UPSlU

  10. Zooplankton • Animal like plankton • They are heterotrophs, so they eat/absorb food into their bodies • Often eat phytoplankton

  11. Foraminifera • Sometimes called forams • Kingdom Protista • Use pseudopodia that go through pores to catch food • Their shells sink to the bottom of the ocean to form an ooze • Helps form limestone and chalk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Lm9hUj2h_0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL7B21BFCC020490B6

  12. Famous forams Homotremarubrum is a foram that is bright red and lives on corals. Very common in Bermuda; skeletons made the island’s famous pink beaches.

  13. Radiolarians • Spherical • Shells of silica • Pseudopodia to eat • Also makes ooze

  14. Ciliates • Many hair like extensions called cilia to move • Very common as freshwater Paramecium

  15. Zooflagellates • A flagellated organism from the Kingdom Protista • Doesn’t have a shell like dinoflagellates • Also not autotrophic

  16. Jellyfish • Kingdom Animalia • Cannot swim against current, so they are plankton • Wash up on beaches easily • We will learn a lot more about jellyfish soon

  17. Siphonophores • Kingdom Animalia • Related to jellyfish, but not exactly the same • Very long and actually made of many tiny animals • Very fragile • Most live in deep ocean • Exception is Portuguese Man of War that so many have heard horror stories about

  18. Krill • Kingdom Animalia • Class Crustacea • Look like tiny shrimp • Very important part of food web • Especially important in Antarctic Ocean Ecosystem

  19. Copepods • Kingdom Animalia (Class Crustacea) • Related to crabs and lobsters • Often parasites, but there are some that are a great source of food for fish • If you find one, don’t be worried it’s a parasite because those need to be attached to something else to stay alive • Two main parts of body and two large antennae

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