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PLANKTON

PLANKTON. www.imagequest3d.com. What is Plankton? Plankton comes from the Greek word “planktos”, which means to “wander” Animals and Plants that float, drift, or are weak swimmers. http://marinefisheries.org/fish/plankton.jpg. Groupings of Plankton:. Phytoplankton Plant, Autotrophic

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PLANKTON

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  1. PLANKTON www.imagequest3d.com

  2. What is Plankton? • Plankton comes from the Greek word “planktos”, which means to “wander” • Animals and Plants that float, drift, or are weak swimmers http://marinefisheries.org/fish/plankton.jpg

  3. Groupings of Plankton: Phytoplankton Plant, Autotrophic Primary Producer Produce 80% Oxygen supply Ex: Diatoms, Dinoflagellates Zooplankton Animal, Heterotrophic Consumer Holoplankton, Meroplankton Ex: Copepod, Crab, Jelly

  4. Groupings of Zooplankton: • Holoplankton: zooplankton that spend their WHOLE lives as plankton • Meroplankton: zooplankton that spend only part of their lives as plankton

  5. Major groups of Phytoplankton DIATOMS DINOFLAGELLATES www.imagequest3d.com COCCOLITHOPHORES

  6. Diatoms • Microscopic; extremely abundant • Important food source for marine organisms • Single-cells, chain, loose “clusters” • Oil droplets in cell - slow sinking Asterionella – a colony of pennate diatoms; photo by Jan Parmentier Centriclive diatom www.indiana.edu

  7. Diatoms (Division Chrysophyta) Photo Credit: Dr. Neil Sullivan, University of Southern Calif. / National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration / Dept. of Commerce

  8. http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/images/di/img/chloro.jpg Coscinodiscus www.imagequest3d.com

  9. Chain Diatoms Photo by George Rowland http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/pl_08.jpg Diatomaceous Earth – silicaceous shells piled up over millions of years – used for Paint, Silver Polish, Filters, Insulation

  10. Dinoflagellates • Microscopic • Mostly unicellular • Responsible for = red tides, bioluminescence • Noctiluca = “night light” Noctiluca Bloom Photo Credit: PJS Franks (Photographer) / National Ocean Service Photo Gallery

  11. In addition to adverse health effects, harmful algal blooms are responsible for the loss of millions of dollars from commercial and recreational fisheries and from tourist industries. Florida Red Tide Bloom of Karenia brevis www.whoi.edu/rtphotos

  12. Florida Coastal Zone Scanner Image of Karenia brevis bloom in Nov 1978 www.whoi.edu/redtide

  13. Coccolithophores • One-celled marine plants - live in large numbers, can make water appear milky or chalky • Live near surface in brightly lit areas • Calcareous ooze = White Cliffs of Dover Earthobservatory.nasa.gov/library/coccolithophores

  14. Coccolithophores Scanning electron photography by Vita Pariente. Microscopy was done at the Electron Microscopy Center, Texas A&M University.

  15. White Cliffs of Dover Photo Credit: Dover District Council

  16. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/barn.jpg Major Groups of Zooplankton

  17. Copepods • Crustaceans • Holoplankton; 95% of all ocean Zooplankton • Most abundant animal – biggest biomass = insects of the sea • Biggest source of Protein • Contribute greatly to marine snow – fecal pellets • Eat phytoplankton and zooplankton Photo by Jeannette Yenhttp://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/pl_08.jpg http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/zoomorphology/Bilder/Nauplien.jpg

  18. Foraminiferans • Holoplankton • Calcium Carbonate shell • Calcareous ooze accumulates on ocean floor

  19. Radiolarians • Holoplankton • Shell of Silica • Siliceous ooze forms on seafloor in equatorial regions Photo credit: Oceanlink

  20. Ctenophores: Comb Jellies - “Sea Snot” • Holoplankton • No stinging cells • Bioluminescent

  21. Krill

  22. Humpback Whales Feeding on Mostly Krill Photo Credit: OAR/National Undersea Research Program (NURP)

  23. Mola mola can reach 8 ft. in length Photo Credit: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration / Dept. of Commerce

  24. MEROPLANKTON • Zooplankton that spend only part of their lives as plankton • Crabs * Spiny Lobsters • Jellyfish * Sea Stars • Snails * Barnacles • Coral * Fish • Bristleworms Brittle Star and Coral Larvae Goose Barnacles www.imagequest3d.com www.imagequest3d.com

  25. Nauplius Barnacle Larvae and adult Barnacle Goose Barnacle Larvae and adults Clam larvae and adult

  26. Flounder Larvae Octopus Larvae Mantis Shrimp Larvae Portuguese – Man – Of - War

  27. Squidlings Sea Star Larvae Zoea crab larvae

  28. Zoea Crab Larva Portunus rubromarginatus Photo Credit: Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland

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