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Gender Policies in Europe

Gender Policies in Europe. Presentation by Martha Franken, director International Conference: Gender Mainstreaming Cosenza, December 2nd, 2005. Outline. Athena 3b working group European Union – mainstreaming Council of Europe – mainstreaming Flanders – Equal Opportunities Policy.

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Gender Policies in Europe

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  1. Gender Policies in Europe Presentation by Martha Franken, director International Conference: Gender Mainstreaming Cosenza, December 2nd, 2005 Athena 3B

  2. Outline • Athena 3b working group • European Union – mainstreaming • Council of Europe – mainstreaming • Flanders – Equal Opportunities Policy Athena 3B

  3. Athena 3B • Athena = Advanced Thematic Network of Gender Studies in Europe • 3B = “Reconceptualizing the Notion of Equal Opportunities and Rethinking the Policy Aims and Instruments – a joint effort of Women’s Studies in the Academia, Policy Makers and Women’s organizations Athena 3B

  4. Preliminary activities done • First meeting with participants in Madrid 2001 and Portoroz 2002 - growing group • First seminar and meeting in Antwerp July 2002 • Stream Equality at Lund conference Aug 2003 (5 workshops in this stream) • The meeting in Lund →paper: Scope of project Athena 3B

  5. 3B Aims of project • Create a Task Force (Think tank) • Develop strategic policy objectives • EU inventory of policy tools and instruments • Training of gender experts • Introduction topic EO in university curricula Athena 3B

  6. 3B Working Methods • Building up infrastructure for dialogue between actors • Analysing bottlenecks, practices, implementation • Quantitative/Qualitative research and survey • Seminars with presentation of products Athena 3B

  7. 3B Products of project • EU Task Force (platform for discussion) • Discussion papers • Database of experts • Inventory and evaluation of policy tools & instruments • Inventory of best practices of training possibilities • Development of new policy recommendation and tools • Teaching materials • Dissemination, articles, books... Athena 3B

  8. 3B Participants (velvet triangle) • Mostly researchers • A few policy makers • A few women’s movement • Combination of the three • More actors of the velvet triangle in the national projects that will be going on in the frame of this project Athena 3B

  9. 3B Involved countries • Austria • Belgium • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland • Italy • Malta • Netherlands • Romania • Serbia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • UK Athena 3B

  10. Results in 2005 • 40 discussion papers exist about different topics: we are clustering • Progress available at website www.rosadoc.be • Expertdatabase started www.rosadoc.be • Digma database Amazone for mainstreaming instruments www.amazone.be Athena 3B

  11. European Union gender policy • Treaty of Rome 1957 • Gender Equality incorporated in DG Employment and Social Policy • Mainstreaming introduced since 1995 (Beijing) Athena 3B

  12. Gender Mainstreaming in EU • Incorporation of Equal Opportunities into Community Policies • Framework Strategy on E O for Men and Women (2001 – 2005) • Action Programme on E O (2001 – 2005) Athena 3B

  13. Incorporation of EO into community Policies • The EU sets out the principle that the gender perspective should systematically be taken into account in all Community Policies and Actions; this should be done actively and openly at the planning stage • Act: Communication of the Commission 21 february 1996 Athena 3B

  14. Mainstreaming in different areas • Employment and the labour market • Women entrepreneurs • Education and training • People’s rights • Development cooperation • Staff policy • The European Structural Funds Athena 3B

  15. Community Framework Strategy • Objective: To establish a framework for action providing for gender mainstreaming in all Community Activities in suc a way that they help to attain the goal of removing inequalities and promoting gender equality • Act: Commission communication 7 June 2000 Athena 3B

  16. Community Framework Strategy • Dual-track approach: • Gender mainstreaming in all Community policies • Introduction of special measures for women • The ms approach marks a major change compared to past Athena 3B

  17. Community Framework Strategy • The framework strategy encompasses five inter-related fields of action: • Economic life • Equal participation and representation • Social rights • Civil life • Gender roles and stereotypes Athena 3B

  18. 5th Community Action Programme on EO • Objective: To promote equality for men and women, particularly by assisting and supporting the Com Framework strategy= funding of projects • Act: Council Decision 20 December 2000 Athena 3B

  19. 5th Community Action Programme • The actions: • Raising awareness • Analysis of factors and policies • Transnational cooperation • Funding: 50 mio euro for 2001 - 2005 Athena 3B

  20. Future Actions EU • The framework strategy and community Action programme will be followed by a programme called “Progress” • 2007: European Year of Equal Opportunities for All • European Gender Institute www.europa.eu.int Athena 3B

  21. I. What is Council of Europe ? • political organisation • founded in 1949 • started with 10 now 44 European member states • Aims: • promote democracy, human rights and rule of law; • develop common responses to political, social, cultural and legal challenges; • headquarters: Strasbourg (France) • 2 constituent organs : committee of Ministers and Parliamentary Assembly • + CLRAE • European Court of Human Rights Athena 3B

  22. Working Structures for Equality • CDEG • Mandate CDEG • CDEG working groups • secretariat : Equality division in Media, Equality and Minorities Department • close cooperation with other committees and international organisations Athena 3B

  23. Themes for Equality in CoE • Human Rights: protection, promotion and prevention • Human Rights and democratic practices on a daily basis Athena 3B

  24. A.Human Rights : protection, promotion and prevention • Trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation • combating violence against women • free choice in matters of reproduction and lifestyles • Human Rights of girls and young women • Migration and equality between women and men • women’s participation in conflict prevention and peacebuilding Athena 3B

  25. B.Human Rights and democracy • Balanced representation of Women and Men in all Aspects of Life • Gender Mainstreaming • Equality in Working World • The Role of Men… • Institutional Mechanisms • Co-operation with NGO’s Athena 3B

  26. What is Mainstreaming ? Definition Gender Mainstreaming is the (re)organisation, improvement, development and evaluation of policy processes, so that a gender equality perspective is incorporated in all policies at all levels and at all stages, by the actors normally involved in policymaking. Athena 3B

  27. Prerequisites • Political will • Specific gender equality policy • Statistics • Comprehensive knowledge of gender relations • Knowledge of the administration • Necessary funds and Human Resources • Participation of both sexes in decision-making processes Athena 3B

  28. Mainstreaming : When? • Which moment in the policy process? • Policy preparing and planning stage • Policy deciding stage • Policy implementing stage • Policy evaluating stage Athena 3B

  29. Mainstreaming : what ? • Which policy areas? • Most policy fields are relevant for gender mainstreaming because they directly or indirectly have an impact on the life of women and men • One can start with the crucial areas of concern Athena 3B

  30. Mainstreaming : where ? • Which policy levels? • All levels Athena 3B

  31. Coe : new developments • Recommendation R(98)14 on Gender mainstreaming • Message to other steering committees of the Coe to use GM in their programmes of activities • Informal network on GM – yearly meeting • New report on Gender Budgeting Athena 3B

  32. Gender Budgeting • Definition: GB is an application of gender mainstreaming in the budgetary process. It means a gender-based assessment of budgets, incorporating a gender perspective at all levels of the budgetary process and restructuring revenues and expenditures in order to promote gender equality. Athena 3B

  33. Equal Opportunities in Flanders • A mainstreaming case: • Situated in coordination department of Ministry of Flanders • Interdepartmental Commission Equal Opportunities • New approach with Open Coordination Method Athena 3B

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