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WORLD WAR II on THE HOMEFRONT

WORLD WAR II on THE HOMEFRONT. In a total war, the home front changes. MORE GOVERNMENT CONTROL CIVILIANS MAKE SACRIFICES CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS MADE, ESPECIALLY FOR BLACKS AND WOMEN. Gov’t expands its role in managing the economy. War Production Board controls production.

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WORLD WAR II on THE HOMEFRONT

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  1. WORLD WAR II on THE HOMEFRONT • In a total war, the home front changes. • MORE GOVERNMENT CONTROL • CIVILIANS MAKE SACRIFICES • CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS MADE, ESPECIALLY FOR BLACKS AND WOMEN

  2. Gov’t expands its role in managing the economy • War Production Board controls production. • Tells factories what to make, how much to make and how much to charge. • This saves time • Ford stops making cars—makes tanks, jeeps etc. • Grand Haven • Story And Clark Pianos switch to glider parts

  3. Propaganda • Government uses propaganda to get people to support the war effort

  4. Big Push to Work In Factories • Production of war goods was essential • Government pushes the idea that you could be a “soldier” in the factory.

  5. BUYING WAR BONDS • Citizens encouraged to buy bonds to support war. • During War, people are working, but there’s nothing to buy. • Government works to get citizens to invest in war effort • In Grand Haven, we built a new Escanaba

  6. More great war bond posters

  7. Sacrificing for the War Effort • People put personal issues aside to contribute to war effort. • One Way is by rationing.

  8. RATIONING • Amounts of key goods (food, gas, rubber etc.) were rationed. • Citizens issued stamps that were turned in when they bought products.

  9. Gov’t also encouraged people to avoid the black market

  10. VICTORY GARDENS • Citizens were encouraged to grow their own food so more of commercial farmers’ output could go to war effort

  11. RECYCLING • Citizens were encouraged to recycle to help war drive • Scrap Iron • Scrap Rubber • Kids even saved Bacon Grease

  12. The idea was nobody should waste anything or use more than they needed.

  13. Even Car Pooling • What’s the message here?

  14. CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS • Women get to move into “men’s work” • African-Americans get more job opportunities • Mexicans allowed to come to USA under “Bracero” program.

  15. Women move into factories • “Rosie The Riveter” becomes a symbol of all women in the factories. • New jobs=increased freedom, self-esteem

  16. Women were made to feel like part of the war effort

  17. No job was seen as inessential.

  18. African Americans make gains • DOUBLE V CAMPAIGN (beat the enemy overseas, beat racism at home) • A. Phillip Randolph threatened protest and march on Washington if FDR didn’t do something about discrimination in factories

  19. FDR issues executive order 8802 • Bans discrimination in factories getting government contracts. • Creates Fair Employment Practices Commission to keep eye on things • First real civil rights gains since 1870s

  20. Mexican Americans • Bracero program encourages Mexican laborers to come to America to make up for work shortage.

  21. Japanese-Americans—the shameful side of homefront politics • After Pearl Harbor—fear of Japanese. • All Japanese Americans on West Coast forced to relocate to concentration camps in desert areas

  22. Was it fair? Many were American citizens None ever found guilty of disloyalty Many Japanese-Americans served in army with honors

  23. Was it Legal • In 1944, Supreme Court said it was in case Korematsu v. U.S. • In 1988, Government admitted wrong doing and paid survivors $20,000

  24. Remember your Revolutionary War Test? • One essay question asked you: “Wars usually make their largest impact in the social realm.” Evaluate this statement for the War for Independence. • How would you answer that for WWII

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