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Other Social Movements of the 1960s and 1970s

Other Social Movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Counterculture. A counterculture involves the adoption of values and norms that violate mainstream culture. In the 1960s, the values of these individuals included youth, spontaneity and freedom of expression.

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Other Social Movements of the 1960s and 1970s

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  1. Other Social Movements of the 1960s and 1970s

  2. Counterculture • A counterculture involves the adoption of values and norms that violate mainstream culture. • In the 1960s, the values of these individuals included youth, spontaneity and freedom of expression. • Their values were represented in their style of dress, new forms of music and to an extent, new styles of speech. • These new values created a generation gap, or a lack of understanding and communication between adults and youth.

  3. Counterculture • Counterculture has its roots during the social and political changes of the 1950s. • From there, the beatnik generation furthered the expression of these counter-norms. • As the Vietnam War lagged on, members of the antiwar movement also started to rebel.

  4. Counterculture • The counterculture of the 1960s was characterized by experimentation in music, art, sexuality, drugs and spirituality. • All of these challenged the ideas of older generations. • Some members of the counterculture chose to live with individuals who shared their goals. • They chose to live in communes, or small communities that people have common interests and share resources. • The largest commune and considered the center of the counterculture movement was the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco.

  5. The Women’s Movement • Major achievements of WRM: • Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique (1963) • Not every woman enjoys staying home • Nat’l Organization for Women (NOW) (1966) • Fought sexism in society • Equal Rights Amendment proposed (1972) • Would outlaw sex discrimination • States did not ratify • Roe v Wade (1973) • Legalized abortion during first 3 months Betty Friedan: In her book, she describes the “problem that has no name,” referring to the dissatisfaction that women feel as housewives.

  6. The Latino Movement • Like A.A. and women, Latinos organized against discrimination in the 1960s • This began the Latino/Chicano movement • Latinos compromise of people from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic who had come to the U.S. for opportunity and a better life. • Fought for equal opportunities in employment, housing, and education • Cesar Chavez forms United Farm Workers Union • Used non-violent protests and hunger strikes • Achieves financial, health, and safety gains for farm workers

  7. Native Americans • The term Native Americans refers to a diverse group of people making up 100s of tribes • Key issues • Native Americans sought greater self-gov. • NA faced, addiction issues and unemployment at rates much higher than the national average Ben Nighthorse Campbell worked within the system as a member of Congress to improve conditions for Native Americans

  8. Native Americans • Key protests and groups • AIM-American Indian Movement: comprised of militant-minded NAs that sought to protect rights of NAs • “Trail of Broken Treaties” • March on DC in 1972, sought to restore land lost in broken treaties • Wounded Knee siege-protest against tribal and federal policies • Legal Victories • Congress passed the Indian Education Act (1972) and Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (1975) giving NAs more control over own affairs and children’s education

  9. The Environmental Movement • Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring (1962), makes Americans more aware of environmental issues • Book was about the harm of pesticides • Government Involvement and Key Events • 1st Earth Day is celebrated April 22, 1970 • Nixon creates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 to create a unified gov. agency to look at environmental issues and enforce environmental laws • Numerous laws are passed to regulate the environment in the 1970s including the Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act, and laws to conserve land in Alaska.

  10. The Environmental Movement • Nuclear Energy • America’s growing desire to lessen our dependence on foreign oil led Americans to seek alternate energy sources like nuclear power • A near melt-down at Three Mile Island (1979), a nuclear plant in PA led to continuing debate over the use of nuclear power. Three Miles Island-site of near nuclear accident in U.S. Chernobyl-nuclear reactor which exploded (1986) San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant in San Diego

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