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Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

Comparative Vertebrate Physiology. Temperature regulation. Temperature regulation. O 2 consumption depends on temperature. Heat production. At rest 70 - 80% from organs 20 - 30% from skeletal muscle During exercise Skeletal muscle produces 30 - 40X more heat than rest of body.

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Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

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  1. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Temperature regulation

  2. Temperature regulation • O2 consumption depends on temperature

  3. Heat production • At rest • 70 - 80% from organs • 20 - 30% from skeletal muscle • During exercise • Skeletal muscle produces 30 - 40X more heat than rest of body

  4. Control of heat • Metabolism plus heat transfer

  5. Heat transfer • Conduction • Transfer of heat from physical contact • Convection • Transfer of heat by warming a layer of air or water. Replacement of layer increases heat transfer

  6. Heat transfer • Radiation • Transfer of infrared rays (thermal heat) • 50% of heat transfer • Evaporation • Liquid turning into a gas transfers heat • Lungs and skin

  7. Thermal strategies • Based on stability of body temperature • Homeotherms (birds, mammals) • Poikilotherms (fish, amphibians, reptiles)

  8. Thermal strategies • Based on ability to produce heat • Endotherms (birds and mammals) • Ectotherms (fish, amphibians, reptiles)

  9. Thermal strategy summary

  10. Thermal strategy • Heterothermy • Temporal (monotremes) • Regional (fish)

  11. Heat production • 1. Vasoconstriction of cutaneous vessels • Restrict blood flow to the core • Short vs. long term (frostbite)

  12. Heat production • 2. Increase metabolic rate • Norepinephrine from sympathetic fibers • 3. Thyroxine release

  13. Heat production • 4. Shivering • As a last resort • Involuntary muscle contraction • 5. Behavioral • Huddling

  14. Heat loss • 1. Vasodilation • Increase loss via heat transfer • 2. Perspiration • If dry it’s efficient, if not it’s inefficient • 3. Behavior

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