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Comparative Anatomy Vertebrate Classification: Amphibians and Reptiles. Note Set 3 Chapter 3 . Reptiles. Mesozoic Era (Jurassic Period)- Age of Reptiles Extinction took place at end of Paleozoic era with placoderms. Figure 5.1: Carboniferous Period.
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Comparative AnatomyVertebrate Classification: Amphibians and Reptiles Note Set 3 Chapter 3
Reptiles • Mesozoic Era (Jurassic Period)- Age of Reptiles • Extinction took place at end of Paleozoic era with placoderms Figure 5.1: Carboniferous Period.
Labyrinthodont amphibians led to stem reptiles- cotylosaurs • Which gave rise to all reptiles and mammals Figure 5.2: Cotylosuars, stem reptiles.
Phylogeny of Amniote Groups Figure 5.3
Reptile Characteristics • True claws • Amniotic eggs • No metamorphosis • 12 pairs of cranial nerves • Single occipital condyle Figure 5.4: Dragon Figure 5.5: Reptile egg.
Reptile Oral Cavity Tooth type • Acrodont • Tooth on surface of jaw • Ex: fish and Sphenodon (tuatara) • Pleurodont • Tooth attached on medial surface of jaw • Ex: lizards and snakes • Thecodont • Teeth embedded in socket in jaw bone • Ex: crocodile Figure 5.6: Jaw cross section .
Skull Type Reptiles are diversified by skull type • Anapsid- lack temporal fossa • Diapsid- two temporal fossa • One dorsal and one ventral • Synapsid- single, lower temporal fossa • Gives rise to mammal-like reptiles Figure 5.7 Figure 5.8: Sarcopterygii scull.
Reptilian Subclasses • Anapsida • Order Testudines (Chelodina) • Ex: turtles • Diapsida • Major reptiles • Order Squamata • Ex: lizards and snakes • Suborder Serpentes; Sauria • Order Sphenodon • Ex: tuatara • Order Crocodillia • Synapsida • Mammal-like reptiles • Suborder Pelycosauria • Suborder Therapsida
Stem Reptiles Figure 5.10 Figure 5.9.
Dinosaur Groups Morphological character of pelvis makes distinction • Saurischians • Triradiate pelvis • Lizard-like • Omithischians • Tetraradiate pelvis • Bird-like Figure 5.11: Pelvic of two dinosaur groups.
Dinosaur Groups (cont.) • Saurischians • Gives rise to dominant reptiles • Birds evolved • Parallel convergence Figure 5.12: Reptilia Cladogram.
Birds • Archeopteryx- bird fossil record • Feathers and teeth present Figure 5.13: Archeopteryx fossil.
Birds (cont.) • Keeled sternum in birds that fly Figure 5.14: (a) Archaeopteryx (b) pigeon.
Literature Cited Figure 5.1- http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/CarbonifPeriod.html Figure 5.2- http://departments.umw.edu/biol/www/Wieland/Biol425/Reptile_Phylogeny.gif Figure 5.3- http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Phylogeny_of_Amniota.htm Figure 5.4- http://www.tucan.net/ImageGallery/gallery.php?id=14 Figure 5.5- http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_9.html Figure 5.6- http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?cls=17&cat=1796&articleid=2812 Figure 5.7- http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~rhmiller/chordates1/Chordates1.htm Figure 5.8- http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.400.html Figure 5.9, 5.11 & 5.14- Kent, George C. and Robert K. Carr. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Figure 5.10- http://pharyngula.org/~pzmyers/MyersLab/teaching/Bi104/l02/amniotelin.html Figure 5.12- http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinoclassification/ Figure 5.13- http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_9.html
